Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino kwambiri, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zachitsulo yakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu. Imakhala ndi malo aatali, kulemera kochepa, komanso yomangidwa mwachangu. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zachitsuloyi imathandizira zosowa zamakono zosungiramo zinthu.
Ubwino
Nyumba zachitsulokuthandizira malo otambalala. Malo ambiri osungiramo zinthu amafunika malo otseguka. Zipilala zimachedwetsa kuyenda. Matabwa achitsulo amaphimba malo akuluakulu opanda zothandizira zambiri. Malo osungiramo zinthu amatha kutalika mamita 30, mamita 40, kapena ngakhale mamita 60. Konkire silingathe kufika malo otere popanda mtengo wokwera.
Chitsulo chimachepetsanso kulemera konse. Kapangidwe kopepuka kamafunikira maziko osavuta. Zimenezi zimasunga ndalama. Ntchito imodzi yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 40 ingapulumutse ndalama zoyambira ndi 20%.
Liwiro la ntchito yomanga likupitirirabe. Zitsulo zokonzedwa kale zimachokera ku mafakitale. Ogwira ntchito amalumikiza zidazo pamodzi pamalopo. Nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya 5,000 m² imatha mkati mwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Ntchito ya konkriti imatenga nthawi yayitali. Ntchito yomanga mwachangu imathandiza makampani kuyamba ntchito msanga.
Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zachitsulothandizani madenga ataliatali. Madenga ataliatali amathandiza malo osungiramo zinthu ataliatali. Malo oimirira kwambiri amatanthauza katundu wambiri wopanda malo ambiri. Kutalika kwa mamita 10 kapena mamita 12 n'kofala.
Chitsulo chimapereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi moto pogwiritsa ntchito zokutira. Chimapereka mphamvu yolimba pazivomezi chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, madera ambiri a zivomezi amasankha chitsulo.
Nyumba zachitsulo zimathandizanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimasamalira makina olemera komanso njira zosungiramo zinthu. Pansi pake pamakhala katundu wambiri. Nyumba zina zosungiramo zinthu zimathandizira matani atatu pa mita imodzi. Kusintha kumakhala kosavuta. Ogwira ntchito amatha kuwonjezera pansi pa mezzanine kuti apeze malo owonjezera.
Chitsulo chimagwirizana ndi makina odzipangira okha. Mizere yolumikizira ndi ma crane amaikidwa mosavuta pamafelemu achitsulo. Makampani amasunga ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Ndi kapangidwe kabwino, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zachitsulo imasunga mphamvu. Amagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo oteteza kutentha kuti azitha kulamulira kutentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungira zinthu ozizira kumawonjezeka.
Kotero, makampani amasankha chitsulo chifukwa cha liwiro, ndalama, komanso kusinthasintha.
Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe
Kapangidwe ka nyumba yosungiramo zinthu kayenera kugwirizana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mainjiniya amawerengera zofunikira pa katundu. Katundu wamkulu akuphatikizapo kulemera kwa denga, chipale chofewa, mphepo, ndi katundu wosungidwa. M'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mphepo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. M'madera ozizira, chipale chofewa chimakhudza kapangidwe ka denga. Mwachitsanzo, malo a chipale chofewa angafunike 0.5 kN/m² katundu wa chipale chofewa. Matabwa olimba amateteza denga.
Kapangidwe kake kamakhudza kulimba kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu. Mafelemu olimba amagwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Matabwa a denga amalumikizidwa ku mizati yachitsulo. Makina olumikizira amalimbana ndi mphepo. Mitundu ya X-brace kapena K-brace imapezeka m'nyumba zambiri. Kuuma kumasunga kapangidwe kokhazikika.
Kutalikirana kwa mizati kumakhudza kapangidwe kake. Opanga mapulani amasankha mtunda kutengera makina oyika zinthu. Malo ambiri osungiramo zinthu amagwiritsa ntchito mtunda wa mamita 6 mpaka 8. Izi zimathandiza ma forklift ndi mashelufu.
Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo kumakhudza mphamvu. Chitsulo cha Q355 chimasamalira katundu wambiri. Nthawi zina nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zopepuka zimagwiritsa ntchito Q235. Opanga zinthu amasankha zipangizo malinga ndi bajeti komanso chitetezo.
Denga limakhudza madzi otuluka. Malo otsetsereka ambiri amakhala ndi 1:10 kapena 1:15. Madzi otuluka bwino amateteza denga.
Pansi pa nyumba yosungiramo katundu zimathandiza katundu wambiri. Pansi pa konkire nthawi zambiri zimathandiza matani 3 mpaka 10 pa mita imodzi. Mainjiniya amawerengera makulidwe ndi kulimbitsa.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu ingakhale ndi matabwa a crane. Crane ya matani 10 imafuna zothandizira zolimba. Opanga mapulani amayesa kupindika ndi kugwedezeka.
Chitetezo pa moto chilinso chofunika. Njira zothawirako ndi malo oimika moto zimateteza antchito. Zipangizo zosagwira moto zimathandiza kuti chitetezo chikhale cholimba.
Chilichonse chimathandizira magwiridwe antchito. Kapangidwe kabwino ka kapangidwe kamateteza zinthu, zida, ndi antchito. Kapangidwe kabwino kamachepetsa ndalama zokonzera.
Malo Oyang'anira Kupanga ndi Kupanga
Ubwino wa ntchito umakhudza chitetezo. Mafakitale amafufuza mosamala zigawo zachitsulo. Ogwira ntchito amatsatira zojambula ndi miyezo. Kulondola ndikofunikira pa ntchito iliyonse. Kulondola kwa kudula kumathandiza kuti pakhale kulumikizidwa koyenera. Kulukira kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kosalala. Olukira aluso amagwira ntchito yolumikizira makiyi.
Kukonza pamwamba kumateteza dzimbiri. Malo ambiri osungiramo zitsulo amagwiritsa ntchito kuphulika kwa mchenga. Kumachotsa dzimbiri musanapake utoto. Choyambira chokhala ndi zinc chochuluka chimateteza pamwamba pa chitsulo. Kuthira kwa galvanizing kotentha kumayenderana ndi nyumba zakunja. Kukhuthala kwa kupaka kumakhudza moyo. Chophimba cha 100μm chingateteze kwa zaka 15 mpaka 20.
Mabowo a bolt amafunika kulumikizidwa bwino. Kulumikizana kolakwika kumachedwetsa kuyika. Mabolt amphamvu kwambiri amalumikiza kapangidwe kake. Ogwira ntchito amalimbitsa ma bolt kuti akonze mphamvu. Mainjiniya amayesa kupsinjika kwa bolt.
Mapanelo a denga ndi makoma amateteza katundu wamkati. Mapanelo a masangweji otetezedwa amasunga mphamvu. Mapanelo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makulidwe a 50 mm mpaka 100 mm. Malo osungiramo zinthu ozizira amatha kugwiritsa ntchito 120 mm kapena kuposerapo. Kutseka bwino kumaletsa madzi ndi fumbi. Mapanelo okhala ndi PU kapena PIR cores amapereka chitetezo champhamvu.
Kupanga mafakitale kumatsatira malamulo owunikira. Mainjiniya amayesa ubwino wa kuwotcherera. Amafufuza mabowo a maboluti. Amawona kulunjika ndi kutalika. Kupanga bwino kumateteza mavuto a m'munda.
Mayendedwe nawonso ndi ofunika. Matabwa ataliatali amafunika kutumizidwa mosamala. Ogwira ntchito amapewa kupindika ndi kuwonongeka. Ndondomeko yabwino yonyamulira imateteza chitsulo.
Kuyang'anira bwino zinthu kumathandiza kuti kapangidwe kake kagwire bwino ntchito. Kupanga bwino zinthu kumapangitsa kuti kuyika kwake kukhale kosavuta. Kumawongoleranso mtengo ndi nthawi yake.
Zoganizira Zokhazikitsa
Kukhazikitsa kuyenera kutsatira malamulo achitetezo. Ogwira ntchito amaika mizati kaye. Kenako mizati ndi zomangira. Chimango chokhazikika chimathandizira kuyenda bwino kwa ntchito. Ma crane amanyamula mizati yolemera. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zida zotetezera.
Maboluti omangirira amamangirira mizati ku maziko. Kulondola kwa boluti kumasunga mafelemu oyima. Mainjiniya amawona kupotoka koyima. Kulekerera kwa 5 mm kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutengera miyezo.
Kuyesa kwa weld ndi kuwunika kwa bolt kumachitika panthawi yokhazikitsa. Ma bolt ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabolt amphamvu kwambiri a giredi 10.9. Opanga mapulani amawerengera kuchuluka kwa bolt. Mwachitsanzo, mtanda wokhala ndi shear load ya 150 kN ungagwiritse ntchito mabolt asanu ndi atatu a M20. Zimatengera malo ndi zipangizo.
Kukhazikitsa denga pambuyo pomaliza chimango. Ogwira ntchito amakonza ma purlin kaye. Kenako amaika mapanelo a denga. Kuteteza madzi bwino kumapewa kutuluka madzi. Ma ngalande ndi mapaipi otsikira pansi amatsogolera madzi amvula. Zomangira zosagwira mphepo zimateteza mapanelo kuti asakwere. Malo amphepo angafunike mtunda wa 300 mm.
Kukhazikitsa pansi kumathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba yosungiramo zinthu. Pansi pa nyumba zambiri zosungiramo zinthu zimafunika kumalizidwa bwino. Pansi yokhala ndi matani 4 pa mita imodzi imodzi ingafunike konkire yolimba yokwana 200 mm.
Zitseko ndi mpweya wabwino ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Nyumba zosungiramo katundu zimafuna zitseko zotseka mwachangu. Nyumba zosungiramo chakudya zimafunika njira yowongolera mpweya wabwino.
Kukhazikitsa bwino kumateteza kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu zamkati. Njira zoyenera zimachepetsa ndalama zokonzera mtsogolo. Kapangidwe kogwiritsa ntchito deta kamatsimikizira chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali cha nyumba yosungiramo zitsulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-29-2025