Mitundu ndi Kapangidwe ka Malo Osungira Zinthu Zozizira a Slaughterhouse

Malo osungira nyama ozizira m'malo ophera nyama amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'makampani opanga nyama amakono. Amachita zambiri kuposa kungozizira nyama kuti isungidwe. Nthawi zambiri, malowa ayeneranso kuthandizira kuzizira pambuyo popha nyama, kuchepetsa pH, komanso kukalamba kwa nyama ya nkhumba, ng'ombe, ndi nkhosa. Zofunikira izi zimapangitsa kuti malo osungira nyama ozizira akhale osiyana kwambiri ndi zipinda zozizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira chakudya.

Magulu Aakulu a Malo Osungira Zinthu Zozizira ku Nyumba Yophera Anthu

Malo osungiramo nyama zozizira nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: zipinda zozizira zozizira ndi zokalamba komanso zipinda zozizira zozizira. Gululi limatsatira miyezo yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi yowongolera kutentha kwa nyama panthawi yonse yokonza ndi kusunga.

Zipinda zozizira komanso zokalamba zimayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kutentha kwapakati pa nyama zomwe zangophedwa kumene. Pakatha maola 24 kuchokera pamene nyama yaphedwa, ogwira ntchito amatsitsa kutentha kwapakati pa nyama kukhala kotetezeka. Njirayi imaletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga Salmonella ndi Escherichia coli. Kuzizira kogwira mtima kumalimbitsanso kapangidwe ka minofu ndikukonzekeretsa nyama kuti ikonzedwenso.

Zipinda zozizira zozizira zimakhala ndi ntchito yosiyana. Pambuyo pozizira ndi kukalamba, opanga amachepetsa kutentha kwa nyama mpaka −18°C kapena kutsika. Kutentha kumeneku kumathandiza kusungirako kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kunyamula mtunda wautali pamene akusunga miyezo yoyenera ya khalidwe ndi chitetezo.

Malo ophera nyama ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zofunika zokha. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zipinda zoziziritsira ndi zokalamba zozizira komanso nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zozizira ya nthawi yochepa. Malo amenewa amayang'ana kwambiri kugawa kwa malo ndi kusintha kwachangu kwa zinthu. Malo ophera nyama akuluakulu amakonda kukhazikitsa mitundu yonse ya malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira. Amawonjezeranso zipinda zoziziritsira ndi kudula mafupa kuti zithandizire kukonza zinthu zotumizira kunja ndikutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Malo ena ophera nyama amaika patsogolo misika ya ogula apamwamba. Malo amenewa amaika ndalama m'zipinda zozizira zokalamba komanso zipinda zozizira zozizira mwachangu. Mwa kukulitsa nthawi yokalamba mpaka masiku 7-28, opanga amawonjezera kukoma, kukoma kokoma, komanso khalidwe la kudya. Zipinda zozizira zozizira mwachangu zimachepetsa kutentha kwapakati, zomwe zimachepetsa mapangidwe a makristalo akuluakulu a ayezi ndikuteteza ulusi wa minofu. Njira imeneyi imasunga kapangidwe ndi kukoma koyambirira kwa nyama kwambiri.

Udindo ndi Kufunika kwa Kupumula ndi Kukalamba

Kuzizira ndi kukalamba ndi njira zofunika kwambiri popha ziweto zazikulu. Kukalamba koyenera kumawongolera kukoma, kapangidwe, ndi kusinthasintha. Kumachepetsanso kusiyana pakati pa mitembo, zomwe zimapindulitsa opanga ndi makasitomala omaliza.

Pambuyo popha nyama, kupumula kwa nyama kumalola kuti lactic acid mkati mwa minofu isweke pang'onopang'ono. Ulusi wa minofu umamasuka pamene nthenda ya mtima ikutha. Panthawiyi, mapuloteni enaake amayendetsedwa ndi hydrolysis. Njira imeneyi ya biochemical imafewetsa kapangidwe ka nyama ndikupangitsa kuti isamathe kutafuna.

Pamene lactic acid ikuchepa, pH ya minofu imapita ku mulingo wosalowererapo. Kusinthaku kumalimbitsa kapangidwe ka maselo mkati mwa nyama. Maselo okhazikika amasunga madzi bwino akamaphika. Zotsatira zake, nyama yakale imapereka madzi ambiri, kukoma kwabwino pakamwa, komanso kusunga michere bwino.

Kukalamba kumathandizanso kuchepetsa fungo losafunikira. Ma amino acid ena okhala ndi sulfure amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya ukalamba. Izi zimachepetsa fungo lamphamvu lomwe limapezeka mu ng'ombe, nkhosa, ndi nkhumba. Ogula nthawi zambiri amalumikiza kusinthaku ndi kutsitsimuka komanso khalidwe labwino.

Mfundo Zopangira Zipinda Zozizira Zozizira ndi Zozizira

Opanga mapulani ayenera kusintha magawo ozizira ndi okalamba kutengera mtundu wa nyama ndi zolinga zokonzera. Komabe, zomwe makampani akumana nazo zikusonyeza kuti kutentha kwa 0–4°C kumapereka kutentha koyenera kwambiri kuti nyama zambiri zofiira zikalamba. Kulamulira kutentha kokhazikika ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuzizira kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumatha kusokoneza zochita za biochemical ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya ukalamba.

Kuwongolera chinyezi kumagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa kusowa madzi m'nthaka komanso kutayika kwa ubwino, opanga mapulani nthawi zambiri amasunga chinyezi pakati pa 85% ndi 95%. Mpweya wouma kwambiri umayambitsa kutumphuka kwa pamwamba, zomwe zimasokoneza ukalamba ndikuchepetsa zokolola. Komabe, chinyezi chochuluka chimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kukula kwa nkhungu.

Machitidwe opumira mpweya amafunika kukonzekera bwino. Kuyenda bwino kwa mpweya kumaletsa malo opanda mpweya komanso kumachepetsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi yomweyo, opanga mapulani ayenera kupewa kuwomba mpweya wozizira mwachindunji pamalo a nyama. Mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amaletsa malo a evaporator kapena amagwiritsa ntchito zochotsera mpweya. Njira imeneyi imasunga kutentha kofanana popanda kuumitsa kwambiri.

Zoganizira za Kapangidwe ka Ntchito ndi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino

Nyama nthawi zambiri imatenga tsiku limodzi kapena awiri kuti ikwaniritse kuzizira ndi kukalamba. Mapulogalamu okalamba nthawi yayitali amafuna nthawi yayitali yosungira. Zofunikira za nthawi imeneyi zimakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe ka chipinda chozizira komanso kukonzekera kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Kuti ntchito yophera ipitirire bwino, malo ophera nyama nthawi zambiri amamanga malo ozizira komanso okalamba. Malo ena amagawa zipinda zazikulu m'magawo angapo odziyimira pawokha. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola ogwira ntchito kuyang'anira magulu osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi. Kumachepetsanso zoopsa zowononga zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso kumathandizira kusinthasintha kwa nthawi.

Kugawa malo moyenera kumathandiza malo ophera nyama kuti azigwirizana ndi zosowa zamoyo ndi kukakamizidwa kwa malonda. Mwa kugwirizanitsa kapangidwe ka malo osungiramo zinthu ozizira ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi kayendedwe ka zinthu, ogwira ntchito amawonjezera zokolola pamene akusunga miyezo yabwino komanso yotetezeka.

Machitidwe osungiramo zinthu zozizira m'nyumba zophera nyama amapanga nthambi yapadera kwambiri ya uinjiniya wa unyolo wozizira. Amaphatikiza chitetezo cha chakudya, sayansi ya nyama, ndi magwiridwe antchito a mafakitale mu zomangamanga chimodzi. Kuzizira, kukalamba, ndi kuzizira kumakwaniritsa zolinga zosiyana koma zogwirizana. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwawo kumadalira kuwongolera kutentha molondola, kuyang'anira chinyezi, kapangidwe ka mpweya, ndi kukonzekera ntchito.

Mwa kugawa nthawi yozizira isanayambe, kukalamba, ndi kuzizira m'malo osiyanasiyana otentha, makampaniwa amatsimikizira kuti chakudyacho chili bwino komanso chotetezeka. Malowa ayenera kuteteza minofu ya ulusi kudzera mu gawo lililonse la unyolo wozizira. Kapangidwe kaukadaulo kamateteza kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya pomwe nthawi yomweyo amapereka nyama yofewa komanso yokoma yomwe ogula amakono amayembekezera.