Khola la nkhumba lachitsulo limathandizira ulimi wa nkhumba wokhazikika m'madera ambiri. Alimi amafuna malo oyera, mafelemu olimba, komanso zomangamanga mwachangu. Khola la nkhumba lachitsulo limakwaniritsa zosowa izi ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso njira zosavuta zowongolera. Khola losavuta la nkhumba 500 nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito malo okwana 380–450 m². Khola zambiri zimakhala ndi malo osungiramo nkhumba, njira zodyetsera ziweto, mizere yopumira mpweya, ndi njira zotayira zinyalala.
Mafamu ambiri amasankhamafelemu achitsulochifukwa amatha kunyamula katundu wa mphepo wa 0.5–0.7 kN/m². Khola la nkhumba lachitsulo limathandizanso alimi kusunga kutentha kokhazikika. Magawo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafani osinthika omwe amafika 12,000–18,000 m³/h. Khola izi zimateteza nkhumba ndikuwonjezera liwiro la kupanga.
Kapangidwe
Khola la nkhumba lachitsulo limagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu osavuta omwe amathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yayitali. Makhola ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu a single-span kuyambira 8-15 m mulifupi. Alimi amasankha mafelemu a clear-span chifukwa amalola kuyika mkati mwa nyumba momasuka. Khoma lachizolowezi limaphatikizapo zipilala, matabwa a denga, purlin, ndi zomangira. Kutalika kwa khola la nkhumba kumakhala pafupifupi mamita 3-4.5. Denga nthawi zambiri limakhala pafupifupi madigiri 10-15. Manambalawa amathandiza kuti madzi aziyenda bwino nthawi yamvula.
Kapangidwe kake kamathandizira makhola, njira zoyendera, mafani, ndi mipope yamadzi. Nkhumba iliyonse nthawi zambiri imafunikira malo okwana 0.8–1.2 m² a pansi. Kapangidwe kake kamateteza nkhumba ndipo kamachepetsa kupsinjika. Mafelemu olimba achitsulo amanyamula zida zolemera pafupifupi 20–30 kg/m². Dongosolo la pansi nthawi zambiri limathandizira zodyetsera zomwe zimalemera 15–25 kg iliyonse.
Mabanki achitsulo amasamalira chinyezi chambiri chifukwa chimango chimakhala cholimba pansi pa chinyezi. Zoletsa zabwino zogwirira zimagwedezeka pamene mafani akuyenda mofulumira kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake kamasunganso mapanelo oteteza denga. Mapanelo awa amathandiza alimi kusunga kutentha kwa mkati mwa nyumba pafupi ndi 18–26°C, zomwe zimathandiza kukula bwino.Dongosolo la kapangidwe ka chitsuloimapatsa alimi maziko odalirika a zida zamakono. Kapangidwe ka chimango chosavuta kamathandizanso antchito kuyeretsa ndi kukonza khola mwachangu.
Zinthu Zofunika
Khola la nkhumba lachitsulo limagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha Q235 kapena Q355. Zitsulozi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotulutsa za 235–355 MPa. Mphamvu imeneyi imathandizira kupanga bwino komanso kokhazikika. Zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zinc zimachepetsa dzimbiri. Malo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo za zinc za 80–120 g/m². Gawoli limathandiza chimango kukana chinyezi chambiri.
Makoma okhala ndi insulation amapangitsa kuti mkati mwake mukhale okhazikika. Mafamu ambiri amasankha ma EPS, PU, kapena PIR. Kukhuthala kwa makoma kumakhala pakati pa 50–75 mm. Makoma okhala ndi PU okhala ndi conductivity ya 0.3 W/m·K amasunga mphamvu ndipo amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafani. Makoma ambiri amagwiritsanso ntchito mawindo a aluminiyamu chifukwa amakana madzi. Mawindo ena amagwiritsa ntchito magalasi awiri okhala ndi mpweya wa 10–12 mm.
Madenga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala achitsulo okhala ndi utoto. Mapepalawa amalemera 4–6 kg/m². Kulemera kopepuka kumathandiza ogwira ntchito kuwayika mwachangu. Alimi amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde opangidwa ndi galvanized ngati mapeni, omwe amasunga pafupifupi 300–350 kg pa seti iliyonse. Mapaipi amadzi amagwiritsa ntchito PVC kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Mizere yodyetsera imagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zozungulira zomwe zimasuntha 400–600 kg/h ya zinthu.
Pansi pamagwiritsa ntchito pansi yokhala ndi slat yopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Thalauza lililonse limathandizira pafupifupi makilogalamu 150–200. Kusankha kwa zinthu kumathandiza kuyeretsa bwino komanso kuyenda bwino kwa zinyalala. Zipangizo zabwino zimachepetsa ntchito yokonza ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ubwino
Khola la nkhumba lachitsulo limapereka mphamvu yolimba. Khola lachitsulo nthawi zambiri limakhala zaka 25-35 ndi chisamaliro chabwinobwino. Zitsulo zachitsulo zimalimbana ndi tizilombo, moto, ndi mankhwala ambiri. Mphamvu imeneyi imalimbitsa chitetezo cha nkhumba ndi antchito. Kulemera kochepa kwa chitsulo kumachepetsanso ndalama zoyambira. Famu yaying'ono nthawi zambiri imasunga 10-18% ya ndalama zoyambira pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo.
Nkhokwe zachitsulo zimathandiza kumanga mwachangu. Ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amamaliza khokwe la 400 m² mkati mwa masiku 18-25. Zipangizo zokonzedweratu zimachepetsa zolakwika ndikufulumizitsa kukhazikitsa. Kapangidwe ka khokwe kamasinthasinthanso malinga ndi mphepo yamkuntho ya nyengo. Nkhokwe zambiri zimagwira ntchito ndi liwiro la mphepo la 22-30 m/s.
Nkhokwe zachitsulo zimathandizira ukhondo. Malo osalala amathandiza magulu oyeretsa kumaliza ntchito mu mphindi 20-30. Nkhokweyo imathandizanso machitidwe okhazikika a nyengo. Mpweya wabwino umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ammonia kufika pa <10 ppm. Mlingo uwu umathandizira kukula kokhazikika. Nkhumba zimalemeranso msanga zikakhala m'malo oyera komanso okhazikika. Deta yochokera m'mafamu ambiri ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kukula kumakwera ndi 5-8% pamene nkhokwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zachitsulo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera kumakulanso. Mapanelo otetezedwa amachepetsa kutaya kutentha ndi 30–40% poyerekeza ndi nkhokwe zakale za njerwa. Mafani ndi ma cooling pad amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha kwa chilimwe. Malo okhazikika awa amathandizira kusintha bwino chakudya. Alimi nthawi zambiri amalemba chiŵerengero cha chakudya pafupifupi 2.6–2.8. Nkhokwe yachitsulo imathandizira kuyang'anira bwino, kutulutsa bwino, komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mfundo Zopangira
Kapangidwe kabwino kamapanga khola loyera komanso logwira ntchito bwino. Alimi amayamba ndi kukonzekera kukula kwa khola. Nkhokwe zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito m'lifupi mwa 10-12 m kuti zilole njira ziwiri zodyetsera. Kukula kwa khola kumatsatira zaka za nkhumba. Nkhumba zolerera zimafuna pafupifupi 0.8-1 m² iliyonse. Nkhumba zomaliza zimafuna 1-1.2 m² iliyonse. Opanga mapulani amaikanso m'lifupi mwa njira zoyendera pa 0.8-1 m.
Mpweya wabwino umakhala wofunika kwambiri. Opanga mapulani amaika mphamvu ya fan pa 60–80 m³/h pa nkhumba iliyonse. Malo olowera mpweya amafunika mawonekedwe osalala kuti azitha kuyenda bwino. Mabanki ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma cooling pad omwe amachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 4–7°C.
Kapangidwe ka magetsi kamathandiza thanzi la nkhumba. Khola labwino limasunga kuwala pa 50–80 lux. Nyali za LED zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 20–30%. Mizere yotulutsira madzi imakhala pansi pa nthaka. Kutsetsereka kwa 2–3% kumalola kuti zinyalala ziziyenda bwino.
Opanga mapulani amasankhanso chotetezera denga kuchokera ku mapanelo a 50–75 mm. Chotetezera ichi chimasunga kutentha kokhazikika. Mphepete mwa denga imafuna malo otseguka mpweya a 0.3–0.5% ya malo otseguka pansi. Mphepete iyi imathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha komwe kumawonjezeka.
Kapangidwe ka khola kamathandizanso makina oyeretsera. Zitseko nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mulifupi wa mamita 1.2–1.5. Kupingasa kumeneku kumalola makina kuyenda momasuka. Kapangidwe kake kamayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo, kuyenda kwa mpweya, ukhondo, komanso chitonthozo cha ogwira ntchito.
Ubwino wa opanga akatswiri
Khola la nkhumba lachitsulo lili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa ubwino ndi kuyika kwa zigawo. Zofooka ndi zolakwika mu zigawo zachitsulo kapena mapanelo zingayambitse kuti nyumbayo isakhazikike bwino. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kusankha zinthu zapamwamba komanso opanga.
Kampani ya Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets ndi kampani yotsogola yopanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ku China. Kampaniyo ili ndi luso lalikulu popanga zomangamanga zachitsulo. Gulu la mainjiniya limafufuza malo aliwonse ndikupanga mapulani olondola. Makasitomala amalandira mapangidwe otetezeka komanso kuyika bwino.
Chomerachi chili ndi zida zamakono monga makina odulira laser, 3D CNC drills ndi makina opangira thovu a polyurethane. Makinawa amachepetsa zolakwika popanga zinthu ndikuwonjezera kulondola. Kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri kulimba, mphamvu zoteteza dzimbiri komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Mtanda uliwonse ndi gulu lililonse zimakwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima. Makasitomala amasangalala ndi nyumba zokhazikika komanso njira yodalirika yomangira. Kampaniyo imapereka mayankho okonzedwa mwamakonda pamapangidwe ndi ntchito zapadera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-03-2025