Makampani amakono amafunikira malo ogwirira ntchito osinthasintha komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, kapangidwe ka chitsulo nyumba ya maofesi imapereka magwiridwe antchito amphamvu komanso omanga mwachangu. Mapulojekiti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu achitsulo m'nyumba kuyambira 500 m² mpaka 20,000 m².
Kapangidwe ka Chitsulo cha Chitsulo?
Mafelemu achitsuloZimathandizira malo otseguka akuluakulu. Maofesi ambiri amafunika malo okwana mamita 10 mpaka 20 popanda zipilala zamkati. Matabwa achitsulo amafika pa malo otere mosavuta. Matabwa a konkire wolimbikitsidwa nthawi zambiri amafunika kuzama kwambiri pa malo omwewo. Chitsulo chimalola kapangidwe kopepuka. Matabwa ambiri achitsulo amalemera 20% kuposa matabwa a konkire pa ntchito zofanana.
Mafelemu achitsulo amafulumizitsa ntchito yomanga. Ogwira ntchito amasonkhanitsa zida zachitsulo pamalopo molondola kwambiri. Mapulojekiti ambiri apakatikati a ofesi amamaliza nyumbayo mkati mwa masiku 30 mpaka 60. Mafelemu a konkire nthawi zambiri amatenga nthawi yochulukirapo ndi 60% chifukwa amafunika kukonzedwa. Zitsulo zimachepetsa ntchito yonyowa pamalopo. Izi zimachepetsanso fumbi ndi phokoso.
Mafelemu achitsulo amalimbana bwino ndi zivomerezi. Malumikizidwe ambiri achitsulo amawonongeka popanda kugwa. Mayeso akusonyeza kuti nyumba zachitsulo zimamwa mphamvu zambiri ndi 15% mpaka 25% kuposa nyumba za konkriti. Izi zimateteza nyumbayo ikagwedezeka mwamphamvu. Maofesi ambiri m'malo omwe akugwedezeka ndi zivomerezi amasankha chitsulo pachifukwa ichi.
Chitsulo chimathandizira kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali. Makampani ambiri amasintha kapangidwe kake zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zilizonse. Mizati yachitsulo imalola kuti magawo aziyenda mosavuta. Makina apansi amavomereza mawaya owonjezera popanda kusintha kwakukulu. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzanso mtsogolo ndi 10% mpaka 30%.
Zipangizo
Nyumba yaofesi yokhala ndi chitsulo imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zambiri. Chimango chachikulu chimagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha gawo la H kapena chitsulo cha bokosi. Chitsulo cha gawo la H nthawi zambiri chimafika pamlingo wa Q235 kapena Q345. Mzati wamba umanyamula katundu pafupifupi 1500 kN. Mzati wapansi nthawi zambiri umanyamula katundu pafupifupi 500 kN.
Dongosolo la pansi limagwiritsa ntchito mapepala a padenga ndi simenti pamwamba. Mapepala ambiri a padenga amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cholimba cha 0.8 mm mpaka 1.2 mm. Chipepala cha padenga chimodzi cha mita imodzi chimalemera pafupifupi 8 kg mpaka 12 kg. Ogwira ntchito amathira simenti ya 80 mm mpaka 120 mm pamwamba pa pepalalo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri komanso zimawonjezera mphamvu.
Zipangizo za pakhoma zimasiyana. Maofesi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zopepuka zokhala ndi gypsum board. Gulu limodzi la gypsum board nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 12 mm. Nyumba zina zimagwiritsa ntchito makoma a nsalu zagalasi. Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito galasi lofewa la 6 mm mpaka 12 mm. Chimango cha aluminiyamu chimasunga mapanelo agalasi.Dongosolo la makoma a Sandwich panelsndi chisankho chabwino.
Denga limagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a sandwich kapena mapepala achitsulo okhala ndi chotetezera kutentha. Panelo la sandwich la PU nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito thovu la 50 mm mpaka 100 mm. Kuchuluka kwa thovu nthawi zambiri kumafika 38 kg/m³ mpaka 42 kg/m³. Izi zimathandizira kulamulira kutentha.
Kuphimba kwakunja kumagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a aluminiyamu, mapanelo a miyala, kapena magalasi. Mapanelo a aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri amafika makulidwe a 3 mm. Mapanelo ambiri a miyala amafika 20 mm. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso mawonekedwe abwino.
Dongosolo lolumikizirana limagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo amphamvu kwambiri. Mabotolo a M20 ndi M24 amakhalabe ofala. Mabotolo ambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 100 kN mpaka 150 kN. Ma welds amathandiziranso zigawo zofunika. Kuzama kwa weld nthawi zambiri kumafika 6 mm mpaka 10 mm.
Ubwino
Nyumba zamaofesi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zimapereka ubwino wamphamvu. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kopepuka. Chitsulo chachitsulo nthawi zambiri chimalemera 30% mpaka 40% poyerekeza ndi chimango cha konkire. Izi zimachepetsa mtengo wa maziko. Maziko ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito simenti yochepera ndi 15% mpaka 25%.
Nyumbayi imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Zipilala zachitsulo zimathandiza katundu wolemera wocheperako. Chipilala chachitsulo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi 300 mm ndi 400 mm. Chipilala cha konkire cha katundu womwewo nthawi zambiri chimafuna 600 mm ndi 600 mm. Zipilala zazing'ono zimapatsa malo ambiri mkati. Maofesi ambiri amapeza malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo ndi 5%.
Nyumba zachitsulo zimalimbana ndi moto bwino ndi chitetezo choyenera. Chophimba chosapsa moto chimawonjezera 2 mm mpaka 5 mm pamwamba pa chitsulo. Izi zimathandiza kuti chiteteze moto chikhale ndi maola 1.5 mpaka 2. Miyezo yambiri ya maofesi imatsatira mulingo uwu.
Chitsulo chimathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino m'chilengedwe. Zitsulo zambiri zimachokera ku zinthu zobwezerezedwanso. Mafakitale ena amagwiritsa ntchito 30% mpaka 60% ya zitsulo zobwezerezedwanso popanga. Ogwira ntchito amathanso kubwezerezedwanso zitsulo nyumba ikasintha. Izi zimachepetsa zinyalala.
Chitsulo chimathandizira kumanga koyera. Zitsulo zambiri zimafika zitapangidwa kale. Izi zimachepetsa zinyalala pamalopo ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi simenti. Mizinda yambiri imakonda njira iyi kuti ichepetse fumbi.
Chitsulo chimalola malo ogona ataliatali. Nyumbayi ikhoza kukhala ndi zipinda zazikulu zamisonkhano kapena malo otseguka ogwirira ntchito. Opanga mapulani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malo ogona kuyambira 9 m mpaka 12 m paofesi zamakono. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malo azikhala omasuka komanso omasuka.
Kuchita Bwino ndi Khalidwe Lalitali
Nyumba yaofesi yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo imasonyeza zizindikiro zogwira ntchito bwino. Chimangochi chimasunga kuuma bwino. Matabwa ambiri achitsulo amafika pa malire a kutembenuka pansi pa L/250 mpaka L/350. Izi zimachepetsa kugwedezeka ndikuwongolera chitonthozo.
Nyumbayi imapirira bwino kudzazidwa ndi mphepo. Nyumba yaofesi yapakatikati nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi kupsinjika kwa mphepo pafupifupi 0.5 kN/m² mpaka 0.8 kN/m². Mafelemu achitsulo amasamalira kudzazidwa kumeneku mosavuta. Dongosolo lothandizira limagwiritsa ntchito machubu achitsulo kapena ndodo. Ndodo yothandiza nthawi zambiri imalimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa 100 kN mpaka 200 kN.
Nyumba zachitsulo zimawongolera kutentha bwino ndi kutchinjiriza bwino. Ma PU panels okhala ndi makulidwe a 50 mm nthawi zambiri amafika pa U-value pafupi ndi 0.30 W/m²·K. Izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 10% mpaka 20% m'maofesi.
Mphamvu ya mawu imakula bwino ndi makoma okhala ndi zigawo. Ma gypsum boards ndi ubweya woteteza kutentha amachepetsa phokoso ndi 40 dB mpaka 50 dB. Izi zimathandiza ntchito yachete. Zipinda zambiri zochitira misonkhano zimagwiritsa ntchito zigawo ziwiri kuti zifike pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Mtengo wokonza nthawi yayitali umakhala wotsika. Mafelemu achitsulo amafunika kufufuzidwa zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zilizonse. Mafelemu ambiri amasonyeza kukula kwa dzimbiri pansi pa 0.1 mm pachaka ndi utoto wabwino. Chophimba chokhazikika cha zinc cha 275 g/m² chimateteza chitsulo kwa zaka zoposa 25.
Kampani ya Harbin Dong`an Building Sheets Company ndi kampani yotsogola yopanga zinthu zopangira zitsulo ku China. Kampaniyo yachita mapulojekiti ambirimbiri opanga zitsulo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ili ndi luso lambiri. Gulu lamphamvu la opanga mapulani ndi zida zapamwamba zopangira monga makina odulira laser ndi ma drill a 3D CNC zitha kutsimikizira kapangidwe koyenera komanso kukonza molondola kwa zigawo. Izi zingakupulumutseni ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi yomanga.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-05-2025