Malo Ochitira Misonkhano a Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo: Malo Odziwika Bwino a Mizinda Yamakono

Kapangidwe kachitsuloMalo ochitira misonkhano akhala nyumba zodziwika bwino m'mizinda yambiri. Malo ochitira misonkhano okhala ndi kapangidwe ka zitsulo amaphatikiza malo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito ndi mapangidwe owoneka bwino pomwe akusunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kuwongolera ndalama. Ndi kukula mwachangu kwa misonkhano, misonkhano, ndi zochitika zazikulu, kufunikira kwa malo osinthika, olimba, komanso owoneka bwino kukupitilirabe kukwera. Nyumba zachitsulo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira izi kudzera mu magwiridwe antchito awo amakina, ufulu wopanga, komanso ubwino womanga.

Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo Kapangidwe ka Misonkhano Yaikulu

Chimodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri za malo opangira misonkhano yachitsulo ndi kuthekera kwawo kukwaniritsa ma spans akuluakulu okhala ndi zothandizira zochepa zamkati. Chitsulo chomangira chimakhala ndi mphamvu yotulutsa nthawi zambiri kuyambira 235 MPa mpaka 355 MPa, zomwe zimathandiza mainjiniya kupanga ma spans opitilira mamita 80 opanda zipilala zapakati. M'maholo ena odziwika bwino amisonkhano, ma spans oyera amafika mamita 120.

Makina akuluakulu awa amapanga malo otseguka komanso osinthika mkati. Okonza misonkhano amatha kusintha momasuka momwe ma boot amakhalira, njira zoyendera, komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito zida. Poyerekeza ndi nyumba zomangira za konkriti zolimba, makina achitsulo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa makoma onyamula katundu ndi oposa 50 peresenti. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa momwe holo ya msonkhano imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndipo kumathandizira kuwonetsa zinthu zazikulu ndi zapakati pa makina.

Kapangidwe Kokongola Kwambiri ka Chitsulo Chopangira Misonkhano

 

Malo ochitira misonkhano amakono nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati malo odziwika bwino mumzinda, ndipo nyumba zachitsulo zimapereka ufulu wapadera pakupanga zomangamanga. Opanga mapulani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malo ozungulira, ma façade opendekeka, ndi makina ozungulira kuti apange mawonekedwe osinthika komanso osaiwalika. Zitsulo zimatha kupangidwa molondola pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodula ndi kupindika wa CNC, ndipo kulekerera kwa magawo kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa ±2 mm.

Mapangidwe a diagrid, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma grid achitsulo opingasa m'malo mwa mizati yoyima yachikhalidwe, amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo ndi pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20 peresenti poyerekeza ndi machitidwe achikhalidwe a chimango.Nthawi yomweyo, zimawonjezera kuwonekera bwino kwa mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a kapangidwe kake. Madenga achitsulo cholimba komanso mawonekedwe opindika amagawanso katundu mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kagwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti kakhale ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu.

Mitundu yowonetsera bwino imeneyi imathandiza malo ochitira misonkhano kuonekera bwino m'mizinda yopikisana. Imalimbitsanso kufunika kwa dzina la nyumbayi komanso imakopa misonkhano yapadziko lonse ndi alendo ambiri.

Mphepo Yamphamvu ndi Kugwedezeka kwa Chitsulo cha Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo

Malo ochitira misonkhano nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi denga lalikulu komanso makoma ataliatali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukana kwa mphepo komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa zivomerezi. Nyumba zachitsulo zimagwira ntchito bwino m'mikhalidwe imeneyi chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwawo komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino.

M'madera omwe mphepo imawomba kwambiri, malo ochitira misonkhano yachitsulo amatha kupangidwa kuti athe kupirira liwiro la mphepo loposa 40 m/s. Mainjiniya amakwaniritsa izi mwa kukonza magawo a ziwalo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafelemu omangiriridwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a denga lozungulira.
Kuti zigwedezeke, zitsulo zimachotsa mphamvu kudzera mu kusintha kolamulidwa. M'madera okhala ndi mphamvu ya madigiri 8, malo ochitira misonkhano yachitsulo opangidwa bwino amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zigwedezeke ndi 20 mpaka 30 peresenti poyerekeza ndi makina olimba a konkriti.

Mtengo Wotsika Womanga ndi Ndandanda Yaifupi ya Chitsulo Kapangidwe ka Misonkhano

Kuwongolera mtengo ndi ubwino wina waukulu wa malo ochitira misonkhano ya chitsulo. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa chitsulo ungawoneke wokwera, mtengo wonse wa polojekiti nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zofunikira za maziko, nthawi yochepa yomanga, komanso mphamvu yochepa ya ogwira ntchito. Nyumba zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemera 30 mpaka 40 peresenti zochepa kuposa nyumba za konkriti zolimba za nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimachepetsa mwachindunji kukula ndi mtengo wa maziko.

Kupanga zinthu zokonzedweratu kumachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino. Mafakitale amatha kumaliza kupanga zinthu zopitilira 70 peresenti ya zitsulo asanayambe kukhazikitsa pamalopo.Njira imeneyi imafupikitsa nthawi yomanga ndi pafupifupi 25 mpaka 40 peresenti. Pa malo ochitira misonkhano a 50,000 lalikulu mita, kumanga chitsulo kungachepetse nthawi yonse ya ntchitoyo ndi miyezi inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi.

Mtengo Wokhazikika komanso Wanthawi Yaitali

Nyumba zachitsulo zimathandiza zolinga zokhazikika mwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu komanso kubwezeretsanso. Zitsulo zomangidwa zimakhala ndi chiŵerengero chobwezeretsanso zinthu choposa 90 peresenti, ndipo chitsulo chogwiritsidwanso ntchito chimasunga pafupifupi mphamvu zake zonse zoyambirira zamakina. Malo ochitira misonkhano amakono amaphatikizanso ma façades osunga mphamvu, machitidwe a kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi denga lalikulu lomwe limathandizira kukhazikitsa kwa photovoltaic. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo ena omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa chilengedwe.

Pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wa ntchito ya zaka 50 kapena kuposerapo, malo ochitira misonkhano ya zitsulo amasonyeza ndalama zochepa zokonzera komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Chikhalidwe chawo cha modular chimalola kukula kapena kusintha kwa ntchito mtsogolo popanda kugwetsa kwakukulu.