Kapangidwe ka Chimango cha Malo: Yankho Logwira Ntchito Kwambiri

Mafelemu a mlengalenga ndi ofunika kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamakono komanso zomangamanga zamafakitale. Mainjiniya amawayamikira chifukwa cha kugawa kwawo katundu mwapadera, khalidwe lawo lopepuka, komanso kusinthasintha kwa mawonekedwe. Kuyambira pa mabwalo a ndege ndi mabwalo amasewera mpaka ku mafakitale ndi malo owonetsera, mafelemu a mlengalenga amalola malo akuluakulu opanda zipilala zamkati. Kukula kwawo kukuwonetsa kukula kwaukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama.Chidebe Chozizira

Kodi Kapangidwe ka Chimango cha Malo ndi Chiyani?

Chimango cha malo ndi dongosolo la kapangidwe ka magawo atatu lopangidwa ndi ziwalo zolumikizana zolumikizidwa motsatira mawonekedwe a geometric. Machitidwe ambiri amadalira mayunitsi a triangle chifukwa ma triangle amapereka kukhazikika kwa geometric. Mosiyana ndi ma planar trusses, mafelemu a malo amagawa katundu m'magawo atatu, zomwe zimachepetsa kupsinjika.

Zitsulo za danga nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zachitsulo zozungulira kapena za sikweya. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yachitsulo ndi Q235, Q355, ASTM A36, ndi ASTM A572. Zipangizozi zimapereka mphamvu zokolola kuyambira 235 MPa mpaka 355 MPa, zomwe zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Malumikizidwe a ma node amatsimikizira momwe dongosolo limagwirira ntchito. Ma bolt ball connectors, ma welded joints, ndi ma steel node opangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi omwe amalamulira msika. Ma bolt ball connectors nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zomangirira zoposa 500 kN pa node iliyonse, kutengera kukula kwa bolt ndi grade ya bolt. Kupanga kolondola kumatsimikizira kuti zinthu zimaloledwa bwino, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa ± 1.5 mm kutalika kwa chiwalo.

Mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu a malo pa mtunda wa pakati pa mamita 30 ndi 120. Mapulojekiti ena odziwika bwino amaposa mamita 200 ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Poyerekeza ndi makina achikhalidwe a matabwa, chimango cha malo chingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo ndi 15% mpaka 30% pa mtunda womwewo ndi mikhalidwe yofanana ya katundu. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumachepetsa mwachindunji kufunikira kwa maziko ndi ndalama zomangira.

Ubwino wa Magwiridwe Antchito ndi Uinjiniya wa Malo

Mafelemu a mlengalenga amakhala ndi luso lapamwamba chifukwa cha mphamvu yawo yosuntha ya magawo atatu. Katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse amagawidwa m'magulu angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino. Khalidweli limawonjezera chitetezo, makamaka ngati zinthu sizili zofanana monga mphepo kapena chipale chofewa.

Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ndi kulemera chikadali chimodzi mwa zabwino zofunika kwambiri. Denga la chimango cha malo limalemera pakati pa 25 ndi 45 kg pa mita imodzi ya sikweya, kutengera kutalika ndi katundu wopangidwa. Madenga olimba a konkire nthawi zambiri amaposa 120 kg pa mita imodzi ya sikweya pa masikweya ofanana. Kulemera kochepa kumachepetsa mphamvu za chivomerezi, zomwe zimakula ndi kulemera.

Mafelemu amlengalenga amagwira ntchito bwino pansi pa chivomerezi. Njira zambiri zolemetsa zimalola kuti mphamvu zifalikire popanda kulephera mwadzidzidzi. Ma code ambiri adziko, kuphatikizapo EN 1998 ndi GB 50011, amazindikira mafelemu amlengalenga ngati machitidwe abwino a chivomerezi akafotokozedwa bwino.

Kuphatikiza kutentha ndi ntchito kumapindulanso ndi mawonekedwe otseguka. Opanga mapulani amatha kupititsa ma ducts a HVAC, magetsi, zothira madzi, ndi ma treyi a chingwe kudutsa kuya kwa kapangidwe kake. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumachepetsa kutalika kwa denga ndi kuchuluka kwa nyumba yonse. M'maholo akuluakulu amalonda, njira iyi ingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pachaka ndi 5% mpaka 8% chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya.

Njira Zomangira ndi Kuganizira za Mtengo wa Malo

Opanga nthawi zambiri amapanga zinthu zomangira malo m'malo olamulidwa ndi fakitale. Kudula kwa CNC ndi kuwotcherera kodzipangira okha kumatsimikizira kuti zinthuzo ndi zabwino nthawi zonse. Kupanga mafakitale kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopitilira 95%, zomwe zimachepetsa zinyalala.

Kupanga zinthu pamalopo kumatsatira mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito. Ogwira ntchito amasonkhanitsa ziwalo ndi ma node pogwiritsa ntchito mabolt kapena zomangira zolimba kwambiri. Pa ntchito zapakati, kupanga zinthu nthawi zambiri kumafika pa masikweya mita 150 mpaka 250 patsiku pa ogwira ntchito. Mphamvu yonyamula ma crane nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa matani 25 mpaka 80, kutengera njira yopangira.

Mtengo umasiyana malinga ndi dera, mtengo wachitsulo, ndi mtundu wa mfundo. M'misika yambiri, makina athunthu amafulemu a malo amawononga pakati pa USD 45 ndi USD 90 pa mita imodzi ya sikweya pa nyumba za denga. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo zitsulo, mfundo, kukonza pamwamba, ndi kukhazikitsa koyambira. Ma geometri ovuta kapena chitetezo cha dzimbiri chambiri chingawonjezere ndalama ndi 15% mpaka 25%.

Kukonza pamwamba kumakhudza zachuma pa moyo wonse. Kuika ma galvanizing m'madzi otentha kumateteza dzimbiri kwa zaka 25 mpaka 50 m'malo ambiri. Makina opaka utoto amafunika kukonzedwa pafupipafupi koma amapereka ndalama zochepa zoyambira. Kusanthula kwa moyo wonse nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza kuti kuyika ma galvanizing kumachepetsa ndalama zonse za umwini ndi 20% pazaka 30.

Mapulogalamu ndi Kusinthasintha kwa Kapangidwe

Mafelemu a malo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba. Mabwalo a ndege amagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu a malo chifukwa amalola maholo opanda mizati kupitirira mamita 100. Mabwalo amasewera amadalira mafelemu a malo kuti athandizire denga lobwezeka kapena lopepuka. Malo osungiramo zinthu zamafakitale amapindula ndi malo owonekera bwino omwe amapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino.

Akatswiri a zomangamanga amayamikira mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Kubwerezabwereza kwa mawonekedwe kumapanga kukongola kwaukadaulo wapamwamba komwe kumagwirizana ndi chilankhulo chamakono cha kapangidwe. Opanga mapulani amatha kusinthasintha kuya, kukula kwa module, ndi kupindika kuti apeze mawonekedwe apadera. Mafelemu opindika nthawi zambiri amathandizira ma domes, ma vaults a migolo, ndi denga lopanda mawonekedwe.

Kuchita bwino kwa chilengedwe kumathandiziranso kugwiritsa ntchito. Madenga opepuka amachepetsa mpweya woipa. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti mafelemu achitsulo okonzedwa bwino amatha kuchepetsa CO₂ yoipa ndi 10% mpaka 18% poyerekeza ndi wamba.denga lachitsuloKubwezeretsanso zinthu kumawonjezeranso ziyeneretso zokhazikika, chifukwa chitsulo chomangira chimasunga kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso zinthu padziko lonse lapansi kuposa 90%.

Zipangizo zopangira digito zimawonjezera kulondola. BIM ndi parametric modeling zimathandiza kukonza mwachangu kukula kwa mamembala ndi mphamvu za node. Mainjiniya amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo pamene akusunga malire a chitetezo. Njira imeneyi imafupikitsa nthawi yopangira ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha polojekiti.

Mafelemu a malo amaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito a nyumba, kusinthasintha kwa zomangamanga, komanso magwiridwe antchito azachuma. Kutha kwawo kufalikira m'malo akuluakulu ndi zinthu zochepa kumapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamakono komanso nyumba zamafakitale. Pamene kapangidwe ka digito ndi kupanga zinthu zikupitilirabe kusintha, mafelemu a malo adzakhalabe yankho lofunikira pa zomangamanga zazitali padziko lonse lapansi.