Njira Yopangira Zigawo Zazitsulo

Nyumba zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zikupitirirabe kukula chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wapadera, zigawo za kapangidwe ka zitsulo tsopano zimawonekera kawirikawiri m'mapulojekiti a mafakitale ndi amalonda.
Kukula kwa msika mwachangu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira kwambiri pa khalidwe la zinthu ndi miyezo yopangira zinthu. Kumvetsetsa njira zopangira kapangidwe ka zitsulo kumathandiza ogula kusankha zinthu zodalirika komanso ogulitsa. Chidziwitsochi chimachepetsanso zoopsa za polojekiti komanso ndalama zosamalira nthawi yayitali.

Kapangidwe ndi Kulemba kwa Zigawo za Kapangidwe ka Chitsulo

Kapangidwe kake kakuyimira gawo loyamba pakupanga kapangidwe ka chitsulo. Kapangidwe kolondola kamaletsa zolakwika zambiri panthawi yokonza zinthu mtsogolo. Kapangidwe kolondola kamatsimikizira kuti zinthu zonse zimakhala bwino komanso kuti zimakhala zolondola.

Ntchito yokonza zinthu imaphatikizapo kuyang'ana kukula kwa malo oyika zinthu ndi malo olumikizirana pa zojambula. Ogwira ntchito amajambula malo olumikizirana pa sikelo ya 1:1. Amatsimikizira kukula kwa gawo lililonse la kapangidwe kake. Akatswiri amapanga ma tempuleti ndi ma gauge odulira, kupindika, ndi kuboola.

Ogwira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito njira zojambula za geometric pamapulatifomu okonzera zinthu pa sikelo ya 1:1. Akawunika akatsimikizira kuti ndi olondola, akatswiri amapanga ma tempuleti ochokera ku mbale zachitsulo. Amalemba manambala a ntchito, manambala ojambula, manambala a zigawo, kuchuluka, ndi mainchesi a mabowo. Kenako ogwira ntchito amalemba kutengera ma tempuleti ndi ma gauge awa.

Pakulemba chizindikiro, ogwira ntchito amaonetsetsa kuti zipangizo ndi malo ogwirira ntchito akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amalemba malo odulira ndi kuboola zitsulo pamwamba pa chitsulo. Amalembanso chizindikiro cha gawo lililonse momveka bwino. Ogwira ntchito amasunga ma tempuleti ndi ma geji moyenera mpaka ntchitoyo itatha.

Machenjezo akuluakulu amafunika kusamalidwa bwino akamakonza. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuganizira zolipirira makina odulira ndi kupala. Zida zolukidwa zimafuna zolipirira kuti zichepetse kuluka. Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukonza bwino malo odulira kuti achepetse kutaya kwa zinthu. Njira zodulira zimazindikira zolipirira zodulira zofunika.

Kudula Zigawo Zachitsulo Za Kapangidwe

Njira zodulira zitsulo zimaphatikizapo kudula, kuboola, kudula, ndi kudula malawi. Chitsulo chodula chiyenera kukhala chopanda zolakwika za lamination. Malo odulira sayenera kuwonetsa ming'alu yooneka. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuchotsa ma burrs, slag, ndi spatter m'mbali mwa zodulira.

Kudula moto ndi kudula makina kuyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yovomerezeka. Opanga akuluakulu amaika ndalama mu zida zapamwamba zodulira. Makina odulira a laser amawongolera kulondola kwa miyeso kwambiri. Makina odulira a plasma amathandizanso kukonza bwino. Zipangizo zapamwamba zimachepetsa zolakwika zogwirira ntchito mpaka mkati mwa ± 1 mm.

Kuwongolera Zigawo Zazida Zachitsulo

Zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka panthawi yopanga ndi kunyamula. Kapangidwe ka zinthu, kudula, kuwotcherera, ndi kusamalira zimayambitsa masinthidwe awa. Kusinthaku kumakhudza kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa ndi magwiridwe antchito a kapangidwe kake. Njira zowongoka zimakonza zolakwika izi bwino.

Akatswiri amawongola zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina kapena kutentha. Kuwongola makina kumagwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira kapena makina osindikizira. Kuwongola manja kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolamulidwa ndi antchito aluso. Kuwongola malawi kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha komweko kuti akonze kusintha kwa zinthu. Njira iliyonse imagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe enieni a zigawo ndi milingo ya kusintha kwa zinthu.

Kukonza M'mphepete kwa Zigawo Zachitsulo Zopangira Kapangidwe

Kudula ndi kudula malawi kumasinthasintha kapangidwe ka m'mphepete mwa mbale zachitsulo. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimafuna kukonza m'mphepete kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino. Matabwa achitsulo ndi ma crane girders amafuna makamaka mtundu wokhwima wa m'mphepete. Kuzama kwa planing m'mphepete sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 2 mm.

Kukonza bwino m'mphepete kumawonjezera ubwino wa kuwotcherera ndi kulondola kwa kusonkhanitsa. M'mphepete mwa mbale za makina ogwira ntchito mumalowa oyenera. Mizere imathandizira kulowa kwathunthu kwa weld ndi mphamvu ya mafupa. Kukonzekera bwino m'mphepete kumachepetsanso zolakwika za weld.

Kupanga Mabowo

Kupanga mabowo nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kuboola kapena kuboola. Kuboola kumakhala njira yodziwika kwambiri popanga zitsulo. Ogwira ntchito amaboola pamanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito makina oboola. Kuboola pamanja kumagwirizana ndi mbale zoonda komanso mainchesi ang'onoang'ono a mabowo.

Kuboola kumapereka kulondola kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito. Opanga akuluakulu amaika ndalama mu zida zapamwamba zoboola. Harbin Dongan Building Sheets imagwiritsa ntchito makina oboola a 3D CNC. Makina awa amawongolera zolakwika pakukonza mkati mwa 0.5 mm.

Njira zina zopangira mabowo zimaphatikizapo kuyikanso ndi kuyikanso. Kuyikanso kumakulitsa mabowo omwe alipo mpaka mainchesi ofunikira. Kuyikanso kumasintha mabowo obowoledwa kuti mutu wa bolt ukhale pansi. Kuyikanso kumalizitsa kumawongolera kukhwima kwa pamwamba ndi kulondola kwa miyeso.

Msonkhano

Kumanga kumaphatikiza zigawo zokonzedwa kukhala zigawo zonse. Ogwira ntchito amasonkhanitsa zigawo malinga ndi zojambula za zomangamanga. Kukula kwa gawo kumadalira njira zoyendera ndi momwe malo alili. Kuchuluka kwa zida zonyamulira kumakhudzanso kukula kwa gawo.

Kumanga kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira zinazake. Ogwira ntchito amachita ntchito zomanga pa nsanja zokhazikika. Akatswiri amakonzekera njira zomangira asanayambe ntchito. Ogwira ntchito amamanga zigawo motsatira manambala ozindikiritsa. Ayenera kuyang'ana momwe zigawozo zilili zofanana.

Zigawo zazikulu kapena zovuta zimafuna kusonkhana m'magulu. Ogwira ntchito amasonkhanitsa mayunitsi osavuta asanaphatikizidwe komaliza. Akamaliza kusonkhana, akatswiri amalemba zilembo za zigawo momveka bwino. Kuzindikira bwino kumathandiza mayendedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a kukhazikitsa.

Ntchito Zowotcherera

Kuwotcherera ndi njira yayikulu yolumikizirana m'mapangidwe achitsulo. Kuwotcherera ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira ndi kukhazikitsa zitsulo. Njira zodziwika bwino zowotcherera ndi arc zimaphatikizapo kuwotcherera ndi manja, pansi pamadzi, komanso ndi chitetezo cha gasi. Ntchito zapadera zimafuna kuwotcherera ndi electroslag.

Kupanga njira zowotcherera kumafuna kukonzekera bwino. Mainjiniya amasankha njira zowotcherera ndi magawo ake. Amasankha ma electrode, mawaya, ndi ma fluxes oyenera.

Malo olumikizirana a arc ndi manja ndi monga kuwotcherera kosalala, koyima, pamwamba, ndi kopingasa. Ogwira ntchito amasankha mitundu yoyenera yolumikizirana kutengera zomwe zimafunika pakupanga. Mitundu yolumikizirana ndi monga ma butt welds ndi fillet welds.

Kuwotcherera malo kumatsimikizira kuyikidwa bwino kwa magawo. Akatswiri amaika ma tack welds asanawotchere mokwanira. Mphamvu ya tack weld imaposa mphamvu yomaliza yowotcherera ndi 10 mpaka 15 peresenti. Ogwira ntchito amapewa kuwotcherera ma tack pafupi ndi malo opsinjika.

Kutenthetsa kumachepetsa liwiro lozizira m'malo omwe kutentha kumakhudza. Kutenthetsa kumaletsa kusweka kochedwa pambuyo powotcherera. Malo omwe amatenthedwa amapitilira makulidwe opitilira 1.5 a mbale. M'lifupi mwake kutentha kocheperako kumakhalabe pamwamba pa 100 mm.

Kusankha njira zowotcherera kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito amawotcherera kuchokera pakati kupita kunja. Amawotcherera mipata yocheperako isanafike mipata yocheperako. Kuwotcherera kofanana kumachepetsa kupsinjika kotsalira. Ogwira ntchito amawotcherera mipata yotalikirapo isanafike mipata yopingasa. Ma plate okhuthala amafunika kuwotcherera mipata yambiri.

Chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld chimachotsa haidrojeni m'ma weld. Chithandizochi chimaletsa kusweka kozizira. Ogwira ntchito amachita chithandizo nthawi yomweyo akaweld. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi ola limodzi pa makulidwe a 25 mm. Kutentha kwa lawi nthawi zambiri kumathandiza kutentha kusanachitike komanso kutentha kutatha.

Kuwunika ubwino wa weld kumaphatikizapo kuyang'ana mawonekedwe. Malo ovekedwa ayenera kuoneka ofanana komanso opanda chilema. Oyang'anira amakana ming'alu, kuphatikizika kwa slag, kudula pansi, ndi kuwotcha. Miyeso ya weld iyenera kukwaniritsa kapangidwe kake.

Kuyesa kosawononga kumayesa ubwino wa weld yamkati. Kuyesa kwa X-ray ndi ultrasound kumazindikira zolakwika zamkati.

Kulumikizana kwa Bolt Yamphamvu Kwambiri

Ma bolt amphamvu kwambiri amagwira ntchito ngati malo olumikizira zitsulo zazikulu. Ma bolt amenewa amapereka zosavuta, zodalirika, komanso mphamvu zambiri zonyamula katundu. Amapereka mphamvu yofanana komanso kukana kutopa kwambiri. Ma bolt amafunika kuyang'aniridwanso bwino asanagwiritse ntchito. Ogwira ntchito amasamalira ma bolt mosamala akamanyamula. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ouma komanso opuma bwino. Ogwira ntchito amapereka ma bolt malinga ndi zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ma bolt osagwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kubwezedwa m'zidebe akamaliza ntchito. Malo olumikizirana ayenera kukhala oyera komanso ouma. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kupewa kuyika nthawi yamvula.

Ma torque wrench amafunika kuyesedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kukhazikitsa kumayambira pakati pa malo olumikizirana ndikutuluka. Ogwira ntchito amalimbitsa mabolt pang'onopang'ono. Malangizo oyika bolt ayenera kukhala ogwirizana. Kulimbitsa torque kumaphatikizapo magawo oyamba ndi omaliza omangirira. Torque yoyamba imafika pa 60 mpaka 80 peresenti ya torque yomaliza. Kulimbitsa komaliza kumathandizira kuti bolt yonse iyambe kunyamula. Kudzera mu njira zokhazikika komanso kuwongolera kokhwima, zigawo za kapangidwe ka chitsulo zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Kupanga koyenera kumathandizira kuti chitetezo, kulimba, komanso magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali.