Ulimi wamakono wa mkaka umafuna kuchita bwino, ukhondo, ndipo khola la ng'ombe lomwe limakonzedwa kale limapereka njira yatsopano yokwaniritsira zolinga izi. Alimi padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zokonzedwa kale kuti akonze kayendetsedwe kake ndikuchepetsa ndalama. Khola la ng'ombe lomwe limakonzedwa kale limaphatikiza kapangidwe kanzeru ndi zomangamanga mwachangu komanso zokhazikika.
Ubwino
Malo osungira ng'ombe achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njerwa, konkriti, kapena matabwa. Zipangizozi zimafuna nthawi yayitali yomanga komanso ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito. Malo osungira ng'ombe omwe amakonzedwa kale amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi fakitale zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyika kukhale kosavuta. Alimi amatha kumaliza kumanga mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthawi yanthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, malo osungira ng'ombe okonzedwa kale okhala ndi malo okwana masikweya mita 500 amatenga milungu itatu yokha kuti amange, pomwe malo osungira angatenge miyezi iwiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kumawoneka ngati phindu lalikulu. Zipangizo zopangira makoma ang'onoang'ono zimachepetsa zinyalala ndipo zimafuna antchito ochepa pamalopo. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti makola ang'ombe opangidwa kale amatha kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zomangira ndi 20–30%. Ndalama zokonzeranso zimachepanso chifukwa cha chitsulo cholimba komanso mapanelo otetezedwa. Zipangizozi zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi chinyezi kuposa konkriti.
Mpweya wabwino ndi kuwala zimakula kwambirizikhola za ng'ombe zomwe zinali zokonzedwa kaleOpanga mapulani amatha kukhazikitsa mipata yosinthika ndi mapepala owonekera padenga. Zinthu izi zimathandiza kuwongolera chinyezi ndi kutentha. Mpweya wabwino umachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndikuwonjezera kupanga mkaka. Kafukufuku ku India adapeza kuti ng'ombe zomwe zili m'mashedi okonzedwa kale zimapanga mkaka wochulukirapo ndi 10% chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa.
Kusinthasintha ndi ubwino wina. Alimi amatha kukulitsa kapena kusamutsa mosavuta makola a ng'ombe omwe adakonzedwa kale. Kapangidwe kake kamalola kusweka ndi kukonzedwanso mwachangu. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandiza kukula kwa famu ndikusintha malinga ndi ukadaulo watsopano. Makhola a ng'ombe achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri sapereka kusinthasintha koteroko.
Zotsatira za chilengedwe nazonso n'zofunika. Zikhola za ng'ombe zomwe zimakonzedwa kale zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso monga zitsulo zomangira ndi ma polyurethane. Mphamvu ya zinthuzo imachepa chifukwa simenti ndi madzi ochepa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makina ambiri okonzedwa kale amaphatikizapo ma solar panels ndi mapangidwe osonkhanitsira madzi amvula. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumathandizira njira zaulimi zokhazikika komanso zosawononga chilengedwe.
Kapangidwe Kofanana ka Kapangidwe
Zikhola za ng'ombe zomwe zimakonzedwa kale zimasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa ziweto, nyengo yakumaloko, komanso kasamalidwe ka famu. Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo yodziwika bwino ya kapangidwe kake.
Khola la ng'ombe la chimango chachitsulo ndilo lodziwika kwambiri. Limagwiritsa ntchito mizati ndi matabwa achitsulo oviikidwa m'madzi otentha. Chimangocho chimathandizira mapanelo a sandwich otetezedwa padenga ndi makoma. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiza kuti pakhale mphamvu komanso moyo wautali. Mbali zotseguka zimathandiza kuti mpweya ulowe m'malo mwachilengedwe, ndipo makina otchingira amateteza nyama nthawi yozizira.
Kapangidwe kena ndi khola la ng'ombe longa arch. Mtundu uwu umapereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso kuwala kwachilengedwe. Denga lopindika limachepetsa kukana mphepo ndipo limaletsa madzi kusonkhana. Zipilala zopepuka zachitsulo kapena aluminiyamu zimathandiza denga lonse popanda zipilala zamkati. Alimi amapeza mkati mwake wotseguka, womwe umapangitsa kuyeretsa ndi kudyetsa kukhala kosavuta.
Khola la ng'ombe la portal frame limapezekanso kawirikawiri m'mafamu amakono. Kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu amakona anayi pamlingo wofanana. Kakhoza kunyamula mtunda waukulu wa mamita 20-30 popanda mizati. Kapangidwe kake kamalola mapangidwe osinthasintha amkati, kuphatikizapo malo osiyana okamitsira mkaka ndi magawo a ana a ng'ombe.
M'madera ozizira, alimi ena amasankha malo otsekedwa okhala ndi ng'ombe. Mitundu iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo oteteza kuti asunge kutentha kwa m'nyumba. Makomawo ali ndi polyurethane kapena miyala ya ubweya yomwe imapereka kutentha kwamphamvu. Makina otenthetsera ndi mafani opumira okha amasunga kutentha kokhazikika chaka chonse.
Madenga m'zipinda zosungiramo ng'ombe ayenera kusamalidwa. Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala achitsulo okhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi zokutira zoteteza dzimbiri. Zotchingira denga zimathandiza kupewa kutaya kutentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa dzuwa m'chilimwe. Ma skylight owonekera bwino amapereka kuwala kwa dzuwa, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zamagetsi.
Kapangidwe ka pansi nakonso kali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Zipinda zosungiramo ng'ombe zomwe zimakonzedwa kale nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito pansi lopangidwa ndi konkire kapena polima. Malo opindika amaletsa kutsetsereka ndipo amathandiza kuti madzi azituluka bwino. Mu zitsanzo zamakono, zotsukira manyowa zokha zimasunga pansi paukhondo. Izi zimawonjezera ukhondo ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa antchito.
Kapangidwe kake kamalola kuphatikiza malo osungira mkaka, malo odyetsera, ndi malo osungira. Ma module okonzedwa kale amatha kupanga njira zonse zopangira mkaka. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumathandiza kuyendetsa bwino ndikufupikitsa njira zoyendera ng'ombe, zomwe zimachepetsa kupsinjika ndikukweza kukolola kwa mkaka.
Mfundo Zofunika Zopangira
Kupanga khola la ng'ombe lokonzedwa kale kumafuna chisamaliro pa kusankha zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake. Gawo lililonse limakhudza kulimba ndi chitonthozo.
Kusankha zinthu zofunika kumakhala patsogolo. Zitsulo zimafunika kuviika m'madzi otentha kapena utoto wa ufa kuti zisachite dzimbiri. Makoma ndi denga ayenera kukhala ndi makoma oteteza kutentha omwe ali ndi kutentha kochepa. Thovu la polyurethane limapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri, pomwe ubweya wa miyala umawonjezera kukana moto. Zipangizo zonsezi zimachepetsa kutentha ndipo zimapangitsa kuti mkati mwake mukhale bata.
Kapangidwe ka nyumba kayenera kugwirizana ndi nyengo yakomweko. M'malo otentha, mapangidwe otseguka mbali amalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa mpweya. M'malo ozizira, makoma otsekedwa otetezedwa amasunga kutentha. Malo otsetsereka oyenera a denga amatsimikizira kuti madzi amvula akuyenda bwino. Malo otsetsereka nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa madigiri 10 mpaka 15.
Mpweya wabwino ndi kapangidwe ka magetsi zimafunanso kulondola. Mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe ungachokere ku makatani osinthika am'mbali, ma ventilator otsetsereka, ndi malo otseguka. Mpweya wopangidwa umagwiritsa ntchito mafani ndi masensa kuti mpweya upitirire kuyenda bwino. Kuwala kuyenera kufika pa 150–200 lux m'dera lalikulu kuti ng'ombe ikhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso ntchito zake.
Kusamalira ngalande ndi zinyalala kumafunika kukonzekera bwino. Pansi payenera kukhala potsetsereka pang'ono kulowera ku njira zosonkhanitsira madzi. Malo otsetsereka amenewa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 2%, amathandiza kuchotsa madzi otayira mwachangu. Mafamu ambiri amaika mapaipi apansi panthaka kuti azitsuka okha. Madzi otayira bwino amasunga bedi louma ndipo amachepetsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya.
Kupanga zinthu zokonzedwa kale kumafuna kuwongolera bwino kwambiri khalidwe. Mtanda uliwonse wachitsulo ndi bolodi ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yololera. Zolumikizira zowotcherera ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zopanda ming'alu. Mabolodi otetezedwa amafunika kufalikira mofanana kwa thovu kuti atsimikizire kuti kutentha kumagwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse.
Pa nthawi yomanga, kulondola n'kofunika. Kusakhazikika bwino kwa matabwa kapena mapanelo kungafooketse kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kutsatira zojambula mwatsatanetsatane ndikuyang'ana cholumikizira chilichonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo m'malo molukira pamalopo kumapulumutsa nthawi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zisamavute kusokoneza.
Chitetezo pa moto sichiyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Zipangizo zosapsa moto monga mapanelo a ubweya wa miyala ndi zokutira zosapsa moto zimatha kuteteza nyumbayo. Mawaya amagetsi ayenera kuyenda m'mitsinje yosalowa madzi. Malo otulukira mwadzidzidzi ndi zozimitsira moto ziyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo achitetezo.
Kapangidwe ka famu kayenera kulola kuti ng'ombe ziziyenda bwino. Malo osiyana odyetsera, kukama mkaka, kupumula, ndi kuyeretsa amaonetsetsa kuti ntchito zake zakonzedwa bwino. Misewu ikuluikulu imateteza ng'ombe kuti zisaume kapena kuvulala.
Ndemanga za Mapulojekiti
Harbin Dong`an Building Sheets Co., Ltd.Kampani ya Dong`an yapanga mapulojekiti ambiri omanga ulimi m'dziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Ku Inner Mongolia, ku China, Dongan Company idagwiritsa ntchito matani 7,000 a zitsulo zopangira nyumba kuti imange nyumba ya ng'ombe yokhala ndi malo okwana masikweya mita 300,000 pa kampani. Ntchitoyi idachepetsa mtengo ndi 25% poyerekeza ndi nyumba za konkire. Kuchuluka kwa mkaka kudakwera ndi 8% patatha chaka chimodzi chifukwa cha mpweya wabwino komanso chitonthozo.
Mu pulojekiti ya ku Kenya, Dongan Company idapanga yankho lopepuka pogwiritsa ntchito chimango chachitsulo ndi denga la PVC kwa makasitomala kutengera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo. Nthawi yomanga pulojekitiyi inali masiku 10 pa unit iliyonse. Izi zimachepetsa ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kwa makasitomala.
Poyerekeza ndi malo osungira ng'ombe achikhalidwe, malo osungira ng'ombe omwe amakonzedwa kale amasunga ndalama, mphamvu, ndi ntchito pomwe akukweza kupanga mkaka. Pamene ukadaulo ukukula, malo osungira ng'ombe omwe amakonzedwa kale adzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonzanso minda ya mkaka padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-31-2025