Mankhwalazipinda zoziziraTetezani mankhwala ndi katemera ku kutentha. Mayiko ambiri amafuna malamulo okhwima osungira. Katemera ambiri amafunika 2°C mpaka 8°C. Mankhwala ena amafunika kutentha kosakwana -20°C. Chipinda chozizira chimasunga kutentha kokhazikika tsiku lonse. Zipatala, mafakitale, ndi ma lab zimadalira dongosololi. Zipinda zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zolemba deta zomwe zimalemba mphindi iliyonse. Zolembazo zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kuwona momwe zinthu zilili tsiku ndi tsiku. Machitidwe amakono amagwiritsa ntchito ma alamu kuchenjeza ogwira ntchito m'masekondi. Chipinda chozizira cha mankhwala chimathandizira khalidwe lokhazikika la mankhwala ofunika kwambiri.
Makhalidwe Aakulu a Chipinda Chozizira cha Mankhwala
Zipinda zozizira zopangidwa ndi mankhwala zimapereka njira yowongolera kutentha kolondola. Zipinda zambiri zimafika pamlingo wolondola wa ±0.1°C. Dongosololi limawongoleranso chinyezi. Katemera ambiri amafuna chinyezi chosakwana 65%. Chipinda chozizira chimagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo apamwamba kwambiri.Mapanelo a PU kapena PIRyokhala ndi makulidwe a 100 mm imachepetsa kutentha. Malo ena amasankha mapanelo a 120 mm kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri. Chipinda choziziritsira chimagwiritsa ntchito ma compressor okhazikika. Chipinda cha 10 m³ chimafuna kuziziritsidwa kwa pafupifupi 1 kW. Chipinda cha 100 m³ chimafunika 8 mpaka 12 kW.
Chipinda chozizira chimatetezanso mankhwala ndi mpweya wofanana. Makina ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woyenda pa liwiro la pafupifupi 0.3 m/s. Mpweyawu umasunga ma racks onse mkati mwa ± 0.5°C. Chipindacho chilinso ndi zitseko zolimba zotsekera. Zitseko zambiri za mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito mapepala achitsulo a 0.45 mm. Kutsekera bwino kumateteza mankhwala ku chinyezi, tizilombo, ndi fumbi.
Gulu lowongolera limawonetsa deta yeniyeni. Ogwira ntchito amafufuza pazenera tsiku lililonse. Chipindacho chimasunga zolemba za masiku 30 mpaka 90. Detayo imathandiza malo ogwirira ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo ma audit. Makhalidwe amenewa amathandiza kusungira mankhwala mosamala mu nyengo iliyonse.
Kusiyana Pakati pa Zipinda Zozizira Zamankhwala ndi Zipinda Zina Zozizira
Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimasiyana ndi zipinda zozizira za chakudya wamba. Zipinda zodyera nthawi zambiri zimalola kutentha kwakukulu. Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimafunika kulamulira bwino mkati mwa ±0.5°C. Zipinda zodyera zingagwiritse ntchito masensa oyambira. Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito masensa olondola a ±0.1°C. Zipinda zambiri zozizira za mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito masensa awiri kapena atatu pagawo lililonse.
Kusiyana kwina kumawonekera pakuwongolera chinyezi. Kusunga chakudya kungalole chinyezi chambiri. Kusunga mankhwala kumafuna chinyezi chosakwana 65% pazinthu zambiri. Katemera wina amalephera chinyezi chikafika 80%.
Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimagwiritsanso ntchito njira zowunikira zapamwamba. Makina ambiri amawerengera masekondi 60 aliwonse. Zipinda zambiri zodyera zimawerengera mphindi 10 zilizonse. Zipinda zogulira mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito ma alamu omwe amachenjeza ogwira ntchito mkati mwa masekondi 5.
Zolemba zimasiyananso. Zipinda zamankhwala zimasunga zolemba za kutentha kwa masiku 90. Zipinda zambiri zodyera zimasunga masiku 15 mpaka 30. Malo opangira mankhwala amafunika kuwunikanso mosamala. Malo opangira zakudya amatsatira malamulo osavuta olembera.
Kusankha zinthu kumasinthanso. Zipinda zopangira mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a PIR okhala ndi mayeso amphamvu a moto. Zipinda zopangira chakudya zingagwiritse ntchito mapanelo a PU. Ubwino wa zitseko umasiyananso. Zitseko zopangira mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotenthetsera kuti zisazizira.
Cholinga cha kapangidwe kake chimasiyananso. Zipinda zozizira chakudya zimateteza kukoma. Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimateteza mphamvu ya mankhwala. Cholakwika chaching'ono chingawononge mabotolo 1000 okwana ndalama zoposa $50,000. Kusiyana kumeneku kukusonyeza chifukwa chake zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimafunikira njira zokhwima.
Malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera, ma air conditioner apadera oyeretsera adzayikidwa mu malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira a mankhwala. Ma air conditioner oyeretsera amasefa mabakiteriya ndi fumbi, ndikulowetsa mpweya wosasambitsidwa mu malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira. Njira yoyeretsera imeneyi imaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya m'chipinda chozizira.
Mbali za Panel ndi Kapangidwe
Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo olimba otetezedwa. Mapanelo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma cores a PU kapena PIR. Mapanelo a PU amasonyeza kutentha kwa mpweya pafupi ndi 0.022 W/m·K. Mapanelo a PIR amasonyeza kukana bwino moto. Zipinda zambiri zochiritsira mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito makulidwe a mapanelo a 100 mm. Madera otentha kwambiri angagwiritse ntchito mapanelo a 120 mm.
Kukula kwa chipinda nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 5 m² mpaka 200 m². Makoma ndi denga amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa zachitsulo. Mafakitale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa zachitsulo za 0.45 mm. Pansi pake pali mapepala a PVC kapena aluminiyamu. Pansi pa PVC nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makulidwe a 2 mm. Pansi pa aluminiyamu imathandizira zomangira zolemera.
Zitseko zimagwiritsa ntchito ma hinge olimba komanso ma gasket olimba. Gasket imaletsa nthunzi kulowa. Zipinda zambiri zimakhala ndi ma heater a zitseko. Chotenthetsera cha ma watts 40 mpaka 80 chimaletsa chisanu.
Ma panel-locks amagwiritsa ntchito cam-locks kuti alumikizane bwino. Ogwira ntchito amaika chipinda cha 50 m² mkati mwa masiku atatu. Kapangidwe kabwino kamachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 10% mpaka 20%. Chotetezera kutentha chimaletsa kutentha kusamutsa. Kapangidwe kokhazikika kamateteza mankhwala okhudzidwa ndi kutentha ku kusintha kwa kutentha.
Machitidwe Oziziritsira ndi Mpweya Woyenda
Zipinda zozizira zopangidwa ndi mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoziziritsira bwino. Zipinda zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma compressor ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Ma compressor ozungulira amayenera zipinda zazing'ono zosakwana 20 m³. Ma compressor ozungulira amayenera zipinda zazikulu zosakwana 200 m³.
Mphamvu yoziziritsira imasiyanasiyana. Chipinda cha 20 m³ chimafunika kuziziritsa kwa 2 mpaka 3 kW. Chipinda cha 100 m³ chimafunika 8 mpaka 12 kW. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito ma condenser, ma evaporator, ma valve, ndi zosefera. Evaporator imapanga mpweya wabwino. Ngakhale mpweya umayenda umachepetsa kusiyana kwa kutentha. Zipinda zambiri zimasunga mpweya pa 0.3 m/s.
Zosankha za mufiriji ndi R448A, R449A, kapena R404A. Makampani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotsika wa GWP. Dongosololi limagwiritsanso ntchito mapangidwe osungira. Malo ena opangira mankhwala amaika ma compressor awiri. Compressor imodzi imathandizira kuziziritsa kwathunthu. Gawo lachiwiri limagwira ntchito pakagwa vuto.
Makina ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafani a EC. Mafani a EC amasunga mphamvu ndi 10%. Amachotsanso phokoso ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika. Makina owongolera amayang'anira sitepe iliyonse. Ogwira ntchito amafufuza magawo onse tsiku lililonse. Makina oziziritsira amasunga chipinda chokhazikika cha katemera wamtengo wapatali.
Zofunikira pa Kuyang'anira, Ma Alamu, ndi Kutsatira Malamulo
Zipinda zoziziritsa kuzizira za mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira yapamwamba. Masensa amalemba kutentha masekondi 60 aliwonse. Makina ambiri amasunga deta ya masiku 90. Ogwira ntchito amafufuza zolemba tsiku lililonse. Dongosolo la alamu limagwira ntchito mwachangu. Alamu imayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa masekondi 5 kutentha kukakwera. Ogwira ntchito amalandira mauthenga pafoni yam'manja. Mphamvu yobwezera imayamba mu masekondi 10.
Malamulo otsatira malamulo akadali okhwima. Miyezo ya GMP ndi WHO imatsogolera machitidwe ambiri. Malo ambiri amayesa ma alamu mwezi uliwonse. Ogwira ntchito amayesa masensa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Magulu ambiri amafufuza jenereta sabata iliyonse. Oyang'anira amawunika zolemba za deta. Malo ayenera kusunga malo oyera. Zitseko ziyenera kutsekedwa bwino. Zitseko zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zogwirira zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zolemba zimafunika kulondola. Kusintha kulikonse kumalemba manambala.
Njira yowunikira imatsimikizira kuti katemera wokwera mtengo amagwira ntchito bwino. Njira yotsatirira malamulo imateteza thanzi la anthu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-10-2025