Nyumba Zokhala ndi Zitsulo Zambiri, Kodi Ndizofunika?

Ndi chitsanzo cha zomangamanga zamafakitale ndi lingaliro lamakono la kapangidwe,nyumba zolemera zachitsuloZikukhala zodziwika kwambiri pamsika wapakati komanso wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi nyumba zachitsulo. Kodi nyumba zomangidwa ndi zitsulo zazikulu ndi zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo pakukula kwa nyumba? Kodi zili ndi zoopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike?

Ubwino Waukulu wa Nyumba Zokhala ndi Zitsulo Zambiri

Nyumba zolemera zachitsulo zimagwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo ya H yotenthedwa, mizati ya mabokosi, ndi mbale zachitsulo zokhuthala ngati njira yayikulu yonyamulira katundu. Kukhuthala kwa gawo lachitsulo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 6 mm ndi 20 mm, kupitirira ma profiles achitsulo chopepuka omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala 0.8 mm mpaka 2.5 mm. Chimango chachitsulo cholemera chimatha kukhala ndi moyo wopangidwa wa zaka zoposa 50 pansi pa kukonza kwabwinobwino.

Poyerekeza ndi nyumba zachikhalidwe zopangidwa ndi njerwa, nyumba zolemera zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zimapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri pakugwedezeka kwa nthaka. Malinga ndi deta ya uinjiniya wa zivomerezi, nyumba zachitsulo zimatha kuyamwa mphamvu zambiri zakugwedezeka kwa nthaka ndi 40% mpaka 60% kuposa makina omangira omwe ndi ofooka. Chitsulo chimasonyeza kulimba kwa nthaka komanso mphamvu ya pulasitiki, zomwe zimaletsa kugwa mwadzidzidzi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito yomanga kumakulanso kwambiri. Nyumba yachitsulo yolemera mamita 300 imatha kumaliza kukhazikitsa chimango chake chachikulu mkati mwa masiku 15 mpaka 25 pamene zinthu zokonzedweratu zafika pamalopo. Kumanga njerwa zofanana nthawi zambiri kumafuna masiku 60 mpaka 90 chifukwa cha kuuma kwa miyala ndi njira zochitira malonda. Kupanga kouma kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndikufupikitsa nthawi ya ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi 20% mpaka 30% m'madera ambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi nyumba zopepuka zachitsulo, makina olemera achitsulo amapereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi mphepo komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutalika. Mafelemu olemera achitsulo amatha kukhala ndi kutalika komveka bwino kwa mamita 8 mpaka 12 popanda makoma onyamula katundu mkati. Makina opepuka achitsulo nthawi zambiri amaletsa kutalika kwa mamita 4 mpaka 6 chifukwa cha mphamvu ya zigawo. Ufulu wa kapangidwe kameneka umalola mapangidwe otseguka komanso makonzedwe a zipinda zambiri.

Kugwira ntchito kwa kutentha kumawonjezekanso pamene opanga mapulani aphatikiza mafelemu olemera achitsulo ndi ma panelo oteteza kutentha apamwamba monga ubweya wa miyala kapena ma panelo a sandwich a polyurethane. Ndi mtengo wa khoma wa U pansi pa 0.4 W/m²·K, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu potenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa kumatha kutsika ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi nyumba zamatabwa zopanda insulation. M'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi chinyezi, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi galvanized kapena epoxy-coated zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri bwino, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ndikusunga umphumphu wa kapangidwe kake.

Zoopsa ndi Zoyipa za Nyumba Zokhala ndi Zitsulo Zambiri

Ngakhale kuti nyumba zomangidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera zimakhala ndi mitengo yokwera kwambiri. Mitengo ya zitsulo imasinthasintha malinga ndi misika yapadziko lonse, ndipo zitsulo zomangidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala 25% mpaka 35% ya ndalama zonse zomangira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zipangizo zomangira njerwa zimakhalabe zopezeka m'deralo ndipo mitengo yake ndi yokhazikika. Eni nyumba omwe amaganizira bajeti yawo angakayikire ngati ndalama zoyambira zomangira nyumbazo zikuposa 10% mpaka 20%.

Kulumikiza matenthedwe ndi vuto lina laukadaulo. Chitsulo chimakhala ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera kutentha pafupifupi nthawi 300 kuposa matabwa. Popanda kuyika bwino zinthu zotetezera kutentha, kusamutsa kutentha kudzera m'mizati yachitsulo ndi matabwa kungachepetse mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Opanga mapulani ayenera kuphatikiza kusweka kwa kutentha, zigawo zotetezera kutentha mosalekeza, ndi ma nembanemba olamulira nthunzi. Kusayika bwino zinthu kumabweretsa kuuma kwa nthaka, kukula kwa nkhungu, komanso mavuto osamalira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chitetezo pa moto chimafuna kukonzekera bwino. Ngakhale chitsulo sichimayaka, chimataya mphamvu mwachangu kutentha kopitilira 500°C. Kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake kumatha kuchepa ndi kupitirira 50% kutentha kwambiri. Zophimba zosapsa moto kapena gypsum board encapsulation zimawonjezera zovuta komanso mtengo wa zomangamanga.

Mphamvu ya mawu imafunika chithandizo china. Mafelemu achitsulo amatumiza kugwedezeka mosavuta kuposa makoma okhuthala a miyala. Pofuna kuthetsa mavutowa, opanga mapulani ndi opanga nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuyika ma panelo ena oteteza mawu a asbestos ndi ma panelo a sandwich. Izi sizingothetsa vuto la kutetezera mawu kokha, komanso zimawonjezera kutentha ndi kukana moto m'nyumba.

Chifukwa chake, nyumba zogona zachitsulo cholemera zimagwirizana ndi mapulojekiti omwe amaika patsogolo chitetezo cha nyumba, malo akuluakulu, komanso kulimba kwa nthawi yayitali. Ogulitsa ndalama ayenera kuwunika momwe ndalama zimakhalira, nyengo, ndi ukatswiri waukadaulo asanasankhe. Ndi kapangidwe koyenera ka uinjiniya ndi kuwongolera khalidwe, nyumba zogona zachitsulo cholemera zimapereka yankho lamphamvu komanso lamakono la nyumba zokhalamo m'malo ovuta.