Zipinda zozizira za zipatso zimateteza zipatso zatsopano posungira ndi kunyamula. Misika yambiri ndi minda imagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kuti zipatso zikhale zotetezeka kwa nthawi yayitali. Malo okhazikika amachepetsa kucha ndikuchepetsa kutayika. Zipatso zambiri zimakhala bwino kutentha kukakhala pakati pa 0°C ndi 10°C. Chinyezi pakati pa 85% ndi 95% chimathandizanso. Zipinda zozizira za zipatso zamakono zimapereka chitetezo cholimba, mphamvu yozizira kwambiri, komanso kuwongolera molondola. Machitidwe awa amapereka maapulo, mapeyala, mphesa, zipatso, ndi zipatso zambiri zakumalo otentha. Chipinda chozizira chimawonjezera kutsitsimuka ndi pafupifupi 40% poyerekeza ndi malo otseguka osungira.
Anthu Ofunika Kwambiri M'zipinda Zozizira za Zipatso
Zipatsozipinda zoziziraYang'anani kutentha kokhazikika, chinyezi choyenera, ndi mpweya wabwino. Zizindikiro zitatuzi zimathandiza kuti zisungidwe nthawi yayitali. Kusintha kwa kutentha kumawononga ubwino wa zipatso pasanathe ola limodzi. Kutaya chinyezi kumakhudzanso zipatso ndikuchepetsa kulemera. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amaika chinyezi pa 90% kuti azigwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 1.5 m/s kuti ateteze zipatso zofewa.
Zipatso zosiyanasiyana zimafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Maapulo amakhala atsopano pa 0°C. Mphesa zimakonda 1°C. Zipatso za citrus zimafunika 3°C mpaka 7°C. Mango amafunika 10°C kuti apewe kuzizira. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kukusonyeza chifukwa chake chipinda chozizira chiyenera kupereka mphamvu yolamulira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumapanganso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Chipinda chozizira cha zipatso cha 20 m³ nthawi zambiri chimafuna mphamvu yozizira ya 1.5 kW. Chipinda cha 100 m³ chingafunike 5 kW. Kuteteza koyenera kumachepetsa katunduyu. Zitseko zabwino zimatetezanso mpweya wofunda kulowa. Chipinda chozizira chiyenera kukana kutentha kwakunja kuchokera kumakoma ndi zitseko.
Chitetezo chilinso chofunika. Dongosololi lili ndi ma alarm omwe amachenjeza kutentha kukakwera kuposa 1°C. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amawonjezera masensa a CO₂ chifukwa zipatso zimapuma nthawi yosungira. Njirayi imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa CO₂ mkati mwa chipindacho. Mpweya wabwino umateteza antchito ndi zipatso. Zizindikirozi zimapanga malo olamulidwa omwe amasunga zipatsozo kukhala zokhazikika nthawi yayitali.
Zofunikira pa Kutentha kwa Zipinda Zozizira za Zipatso
Kulamulira kutentha kumapanga mtima wa chipinda chilichonse chozizira cha zipatso. Chipatso chilichonse chimakhudzidwa mosiyana ndi kuzizira. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kudziwa mtundu woyenera asanapake. Maapulo amakhala otetezeka pa 0°C kwa masiku opitilira 120. Mapeyala amakhala abwino kwa masiku 90 pa 1°C. Mphesa zimasungidwa bwino pa 1°C koma zimafuna mpweya woyera kwambiri. Nthochi zimafunika 13°C mpaka 14°C. Kutentha kulikonse kosakwana 12°C kumawononga kapangidwe ka nthochi. Zipatso monga sitiroberi ndi mabuluberi zimafuna mpweya wozizira pafupi ndi 0°C kuti zikhale zolimba.
Tchati chosavuta chimathandiza ogwira ntchito kuyang'anira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Magulu a zipatso wamba amagawidwa m'magawo atatu. Gawo loyamba limayambira pa 0°C mpaka 2°C. Gawo lachiwiri lachiwiri limayambira pa 3°C mpaka 7°C. Ndipo gawo lachitatu limayambira pa 8°C mpaka 13°C. Zipinda zambiri zozizira zimagwira ntchito m'magawo awiri nthawi imodzi. Famu yayikulu ingagwiritse ntchito zipinda zitatu zamagulu osiyanasiyana a zipatso.
Masensa oyezera kutentha amawunika momwe zinthu zilili masekondi 30 aliwonse. Makina ambiri amaika masensa osachepera anayi m'chipinda cha 100 m³. Masensawa amawunika malo apamwamba, pansi, kutsogolo, ndi kumbuyo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira kuti kuwerenga kumakhala kokhazikika m'chipinda chonse. Ngati katundu wasintha, makinawo amasintha liwiro la compressor. Kuwongolera kumeneku kumasunga kusintha kwa kutentha mkati mwa 1°C.
Kuziziritsa msanga kumateteza zipatso zikatha kukolola. Ambiri amalima zipatso zoziziritsa kuyambira 25°C mpaka 5°C mkati mwa maola atatu. Kutsika mwachangu kumeneku kumachedwetsa kupuma ndi pafupifupi 60%. Njirayi imachepetsa kuwonongeka ndipo imasunga kukoma kwamphamvu. Kutentha koyenera kumachepetsanso kuchepa kwa thupi chifukwa cha kuuma kwa madzi.
Mapanelo Ozizira a Zipatso
Mapanelo a chipinda choziziraamapanga kapangidwe kake kameneka. Amalamulira kutentha komwe kumayendera komanso kusunga mphamvu. Zipinda zambiri zozizira zipatso zimagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a polyurethane (PU) kapena polyisocyanurate (PIR). Mapanelo a PU nthawi zambiri amafika pa kutentha kwa 0.022 W/m·K. Mapanelo a PIR amagwira ntchito bwino pang'ono pa 0.020 W/m·K. Kukhuthala kwapanelo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 100 mm mpaka 150 mm. Panelo la 150 mm PIR limachepetsa kutentha ndi pafupifupi 15% poyerekeza ndi panelo la 100 mm PU.
Mapanelo amalumikizana ndi ma cam-lock. Mapanelo amenewa amapanga ma sleeve olimba opanda mipata. Ma sleeve olimba amateteza mpweya wofunda kutuluka ndi mpweya wozizira mkati. Izi zimathandiza kuti mphamvu zisamawonongeke masana. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amasankha mapepala achitsulo a 0.5 mm pamwamba pa panelo. Mapulojekiti akuluakulu angagwiritse ntchito mapepala a 0.6 mm kuti atetezeke kwambiri.
Mapanelo amalimbananso ndi chinyezi. Pu core imayamwa madzi ochepera 2% ikakhala nthawi yayitali. Izi zimateteza kutentha kwa zaka zambiri. Mapanelo abwino amalimbananso ndi mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu. Malo osalala amalola kuyeretsa mwachangu ndi zida zosavuta.
Chipinda chozizira cha zipatso chimakhala ndi denga ndi mapanelo apansi. Pansi nthawi zambiri pamagwiritsa ntchito malo osatsetseka. Makina ena amawonjezera chitsulo cholimba pansi pa pansi kuti apange mapaleti olemera. Chipinda chaching'ono chingagwiritse ntchito makilogalamu 1,000 a unyinji wonse wa mapanelo. Chipinda chapakati chingagwiritse ntchito makilogalamu oposa 3,000. Kuteteza kwamphamvu kumachepetsa kuzizira ndikuteteza zipatso zosungidwa.
Dongosolo Loziziritsa
Chipangizo choziziritsira mpweya chimapereka mpweya wozizira womwe umateteza chipatso. Chimaphatikizapo compressor, condenser, fan, ndi zida zowongolera. Chipinda chozizira cha zipatso cha 20 m³ chingagwiritse ntchito compressor ya 1.5 HP. Chipinda cha 100 m³ chingagwiritse ntchito compressor ya 5 HP. Makina ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito R404A kapena R448A. Mafiriji awa amapereka magwiridwe antchito okhazikika.
Chipangizo choyeretsera mpweya chimakhala mkati mwa chipindacho. Chimafalitsa mpweya wozizira mofanana. Zipinda zazikulu zimatha kukhazikitsa ma evaporator awiri kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino. Zipangizo zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mafani omwe amasuntha mpweya pa 1.5 m/s. Izi zimateteza zipatso zofewa ku mphepo yamphamvu.
Chipangizochi chimayang'anira kayendedwe ka madzi oundana. Madzi oundana amapangika pa ma coils akagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Madzi oundana kwambiri amachepetsa liwiro lozizira ndi pafupifupi 30%. Makina ambiri amayamba kusungunuka maola asanu ndi limodzi aliwonse. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumatenga mphindi 10 mpaka 15. Mafani abwino amabwezeretsa mpweya mwachangu pambuyo pa kuzungulira kulikonse.
Mipope yotulutsira madzi imachotsa madzi mu evaporator. Chipinda chozizira chimatha kutulutsa madzi okwana malita awiri patsiku nthawi youma. Nthawi yamvula imatha kupanga malita 6 patsiku. Choteteza bwino kuzungulira ngalande chimathandiza kuti madzi azizizira.
Chipangizo choziziritsira mpweya chimasinthanso mphamvu. Zipangizo zambiri zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa inverter. Izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 18%. Dongosololi limachedwetsa ntchito panthawi yolemera ndipo limathamanga kwambiri panthawi yolemera. Kuziziritsa koyera kumasunga zipatso zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zipinda zoziziritsira zipatso zimapereka ubwino womveka bwino m'mafamu, m'misika, ndi m'malo opangira zinthu. Dongosololi limawongolera kutentha, chinyezi, ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya molondola kwambiri. Kuteteza kwamphamvu kumachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ndikuteteza zipatso zosungidwa. Dongosolo loziziritsira limakonza mphamvu kuti zigwirizane ndi katundu watsiku ndi tsiku. Zitseko, magetsi, mashelufu, ndi ma alamu zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yotetezeka. Kuyang'anira bwino kumawonjezera kutsitsimuka kwa zipatso ndi pafupifupi 40% poyerekeza ndi kusungidwa kwanthawi zonse. Gawo lililonse limagwira ntchito yosunga zipatso kukhala zokhazikika nthawi yayitali. Chipinda chabwino choziziritsira zipatso chimawonjezera nthawi yosungiramo zinthu, chimachepetsa zinyalala, komanso chimawonjezera mtengo wa zinthu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-09-2025