Mapanelo a zipinda zoziziritsira amathandizira kuwongolera kutentha kokhazikika posungira chakudya ndi mankhwala. Masamba ambiri amafunika kutchinjiriza mwamphamvu komanso kuyika mwachangu. Ogwiritsa ntchito amafuna mapanelo omwe amasamalira chinyezi, kutentha, ndi katundu. Amafunanso kuyeretsa kosavuta komanso nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito. Mapanelo a zipinda zoziziritsira amakwaniritsa zosowa izi ndi kapangidwe komveka bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika.
Kapangidwe
Mapanelo a zipinda zoziziritsira amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka masangweji. Panelo iliyonse ili ndi nkhope ziwiri zachitsulo ndi pakati pa imodzi yotetezera kutentha. Pakati pake pamakhala pakati pa mapepala achitsulo ndipo pamakhala kukana kutentha kwambiri. Mapulojekiti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo kuyambira 50 mm mpaka 150 mm makulidwe. Mapanelo okhuthala amapereka kutentha kochepa. Panelo ya 100-mm nthawi zambiri imafika pa K-value pafupi ndi 0.22 W/m²·K.
Chitsulo chakunja chimateteza pakati pa chitsulocho kuti chisagwe ndi chinyezi. Mafakitale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha 0.4 mpaka 0.6-mm pankhope. Chitsulo chokhala ndi zinc wosanjikiza wa 80 g/m² chimapereka kukana dzimbiri kwamphamvu. Nkhope yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito utoto wofanana ndi chakudya. Kukhuthala kwa utoto wamba kumakhala pafupifupi ma microns 25. Mtundu uwu umathandizira kutsuka ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Magawo olumikizira mapanelo nawonso ndi ofunika. Magawo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma cam-lock kapena tongue-and-groove. Ma cam-lock amathandiza kuyika mwachangu. Magawo olumikizira lilime ndi groove amathandizira kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya. Mpata wamba wa mafundo umakhala pansi pa 2 mm mutatseka. Magawo abwino amasunga mpweya wotsika ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito oziziritsa.
Zipangizo
Mapanelo a zipinda zoziziritsira amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zingapo zapakati. Mtundu uliwonse wapakati umapereka mphamvu yapadera komanso magwiridwe antchito oteteza kutentha. Thovu la PUR limakhala lofala chifukwa cha kutetezera kutentha kwamphamvu. Thovu la PUR limafika pa kutentha kwa mpweya pafupifupi 0.022 W/m·K. A 75-mmGulu la PURimathandizira zipinda zoziziritsira pa kutentha kwa minus 25°C.
Thovu la PIR limapereka kukana moto kwambiri. Mapanelo ambiri a PIR amafika pa B-s1,d0. Thovu la PIR limagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kolimba. Kapangidwe kameneka kamachepetsa kufalikira kwa moto ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa utsi. Kuchuluka kwa thovu nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 35 ndi 45 kg/m³. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumapereka mphamvu yokhazikika yokanikiza.
Enazipinda zoziziraGwiritsani ntchito ubweya wa miyala. Ubweya wa miyala umafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Mapanelo ambiri a ubweya wa miyala amafika pamlingo wa A. Mapanelo awa amathandizira malo okhala ndi malamulo okhwima a moto. Kuchuluka kwa ubweya wa miyala nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 120 kg/m³. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumawonjezera kuwongolera mawu ndi chitetezo cha moto.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapezekanso m'mapulojekiti apadera. Mafakitale ambiri odyetsera zakudya amasankha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha ukhondo. Mapepala achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makulidwe a 0.5 mm. Amathandizira kuyeretsa kwambiri komanso kupewa dzimbiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito amasankha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pamene chinyezi chimakhala pamwamba pa 90% kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zizindikiro za Magwiridwe Antchito
Mapanelo a zipinda zoziziritsira ayenera kukwaniritsa zizindikiro zokhwima za magwiridwe antchito. Kuteteza kutentha kumakhala koyambirira. Panelo yokhala ndi K-value pansi pa 0.28 W/m²·K imatha kuthandizira kusungira chakudya chatsopano. K-value yotsika imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo apamwamba a zipinda zoziziritsira kumatha kusunga ndalama zokwana pafupifupi 15%.
Mphamvu ya panel ndi yofunikanso. Panel ya PUR yachizolowezi imafika pa mphamvu yopondereza pafupifupi 150 kPa. Mtengo uwu umathandizira katundu wa padenga m'zipinda zapakati. Panel ya PIR imapereka mphamvu yofanana ndi momwe moto umayendera bwino. Mapanelo a ubweya wa miyala amapereka 80 mpaka 100 kPa, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamakoma.
Kukana chinyezi kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mapanelo abwino amayamwa madzi ochepera 3% mu mayeso. Kuyamwa kochepa kumateteza pakati kuti pasawonongeke. Kumathandizanso kuti kutentha kukhale kolimba. Mayeso a chinyezi amagwiritsa ntchito kunyowa kwa maola 24 pamlingo wokhazikika wa chinyezi.
Kulamulira kutayikira kwa mpweya kumakhudza mtengo woziziritsira. Chipinda choziziritsira chotsekedwa bwino chimagwiritsa ntchito kutayikira kosakwana 0.4 m³/h·m². Mafakitale ambiri amayesa kutayikira pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a utsi kapena mayeso a kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Malumikizidwe abwino ndi zotsekera zimathandiza kufikira izi.
Moto umakhala wofunika kwambiri m'nyumba zonse. PIR panel imatha kupirira mphindi 15 mpaka 20 mkati mwa nyumbayo usanayambe kuyaka. Mapanelo a ubweya wa miyala amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amafika mphindi 60 zokana moto kutengera makulidwe ake. Zizindikirozi zimathandiza kukonzekera chitetezo.
Malo Opangira
Kupanga mapanelo kumafuna kulamulira kolondola. Mafakitale amasunga kuchuluka kwa thovu mkati mwa 5% ya cholinga. Kuchuluka kokhazikika kumapereka magwiridwe antchito odalirika a kutentha. Mizere yopangira mosalekeza imalowetsa thovu pansi pa kupanikizika kokhazikika. Mzere wamba umayenda mamita 8 mpaka 12 pamphindi.
Mapepala achitsulo amafunikanso kufufuzidwa mosamala. Mapepala aliwonse ayenera kukhala ndi makulidwe osakwana 0.03 mm. Mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwa matani 4 mpaka 7. Amatsuka ndi kupopera mapepalawo asanapangidwe. Malo oyera amathandiza kuti chitsulo ndi thovu lapakati zigwirizane bwino.
Njira yothira mafuta m'thupi ndi yofunikanso. Mankhwala a PUR kapena PIR amachitapo kanthu mwachangu. Magulu amawongolera kutentha kwa pafupifupi 45°C mpaka 55°C akamabayidwa. Kutentha kumeneku kumasunga kapangidwe ka thovu kofanana. Kapangidwe kofanana kamathandizira kuteteza kutentha ndi mphamvu ya kukanikiza.
Kudula ndi kupanga mawonekedwe kumakhudza ubwino wa kukhazikitsa. Mafakitale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kudula kwa CNC. Cholakwika choduliracho chimakhala pansi pa 2 mm. Kulondola kumeneku kumathandiza kulumikizana kolimba ndipo kumachepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
Makina amajambulanso ma cam-lock. Kukula kokhazikika kwa cam-lock kumakhala pafupifupi 110 mm m'mimba mwake.
Kuwunika ubwino kumachitika akapangidwa. Mafakitale ambiri amayesa mapanelo atatu mpaka asanu ola lililonse. Amayesa kuchuluka kwa ma core density, mphamvu ya ma bond, ndi makulidwe a panelo. Mphamvu ya ma bond nthawi zambiri imakhala pamwamba pa 0.12 MPa pa mapanelo a PUR ndi PIR. Kugwirizana kwamphamvu kumaletsa kugawanika kwa ma connection.
Zoganizira za Kapangidwe
Opanga mapulani ayenera kusankha makulidwe a panel kutengera kutentha kwa chipinda. Chitofu choziziritsira pa 2°C chingagwiritse ntchito mapanelo a 75-mm. Chitofu choziziritsira pa minus 25°C chingagwiritse ntchito mapanelo a 120-150 mm. Mitengo iyi imachepetsa kutaya kutentha ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa compressor.
Opanga mapulani amakonzanso kapangidwe ka mapanelo. Zipinda zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a mita imodzi mulifupi. Mapanelo akuluakulu amachepetsa malo olumikizirana ndipo amamanga mwachangu. Khoma la mamita 12 limagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo 12 okha. Mapanelo ochepa amathandiza kuti pakhale kutsekana.
Makina othandizira nawonso ndi ofunika. Denga limafunikira zopachika zolimba. Mapulojekiti ambiri amaika zopachika pamalo okwana mamita 1.2 aliwonse. Makina opopera olemera angafunike mafelemu achitsulo. Opanga mapulani amawonjezeranso zopachika za PVC pamakona. Zopachika izi zimapangitsa kuti ukhondo ndi kuyeretsa zikhale bwino.
Kusankha zitseko kumakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Zitseko zotetezedwa nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi makulidwe a panel. Chitseko cha 100 mm chimakhala ndi insulation yofanana ndi panel ya khoma ya 100 mm. Zotsekera zabwino zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Zitseko zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mawaya otenthetsera m'zipinda zotentha pang'ono. Mawaya otenthetsera amaletsa kusonkhana kwa ayezi.
Mapaipi amagetsi ayenera kukhala kunja kwa chotenthetsera. Mapaipi obisika angayambitse milatho yozizira. Mapaipi ozizira amawonjezera kuchulukana kwa madzi. Opanga mapulani amasunga mapaipi m'malo ogwirira ntchito. Amawonjezeranso zotchinga nthunzi kuti apewe kusamuka kwa chinyezi.
Mapanelo a zipinda zoziziritsira amathandizira kuwongolera kutentha kotetezeka komanso kogwira mtima. Amapereka chitetezo champhamvu, malo oyera, komanso mphamvu yokhazikika. Amachepetsanso ndalama zamagetsi komanso amathandizira malamulo okhwima aukhondo. Ndi kusankha bwino zinthu, kapangidwe kosamala, komanso kupanga kokhazikika, mapanelo a zipinda zoziziritsira amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-04-2025