Chipinda chosungiramo malasha chimafunika chithandizo champhamvu komanso chitetezo chokhazikika. Malo ambiri amakumana ndi mphepo, mvula, fumbi, ndi malo ambiri osungiramo zinthu. Kapangidwe ka chitsulo kamapereka yankho lotetezeka komanso lothandiza. Chimagwira ntchito molimbika komanso motambalala. Chimathandizanso kukhazikitsa mwachangu komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa Chake Kapangidwe ka Chitsulo
Chipinda chosungiramo malasha chimasunga zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Zipinda zosungiramo malasha zimafuna malo ambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi makina akuluakulu a migodi kapena magalimoto akuluakulu. Kapangidwe kake kayenera kusunga zida zazikulu zikugwira ntchito. Chitsulo chimapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito odziwikiratu. Mtanda wachitsulo wa Q355 wamba umapereka mphamvu zokolola zambiri. Umathandizira kutalika kwa mamita 20 mpaka 80. Kutalika kwakukulu kumeneku kumapanga malo omveka bwino a zonyamula katundu ndi malamba.
Kapangidwe kachitsuloAmathanso kugwira ntchito bwino ndi katundu wosinthasintha. Makina amasuntha ndi kugwedezeka. Antchito amayendetsa magalimoto akuluakulu ndikusuntha malasha. Zochita izi zimapangitsa mphamvu zogundana.Mafelemu achitsuloMainjiniya amateteza mphamvu zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika yowongolera kupotoka. Mainjiniya amasunga kupotoka pansi pa L/250 kuti ateteze mapanelo a denga.
Chitsulo chimathandizira kusintha kwa kapangidwe kosinthasintha. Malo amatha kuwonjezera malo osungira ndi 30% pazaka zitatu. Makina achitsulo amalola kukula kwa bolt-on. Magulu amawonjezera mafelemu atsopano kapena kukulitsa ma conveyor okhala ndi zolumikizira zosavuta. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandizira mapulani a migodi a nthawi yayitali.
Ubwino
Mashedi a malasha achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito njerwa ndi simenti. Zipangizozi zimapanga makoma olimba komanso denga lolemera. Shedi ya simenti imafunika nthawi yayitali yokhazikika. Slab iliyonse imafunika masiku osachepera 14 okhazikika. Shedi yachitsulo imadula nthawi ino kwambiri. Gulu limamaliza shedi ya mamita 50 m'masiku 45. Dongosolo la simenti lingatenge masiku 80.
Chitsulo chimachepetsanso mtengo wa maziko. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimalemera pang'ono kuposa chimango cha konkire. Chimachepetsa katundu wofa ndi 40% mpaka 60%. Chitsulo chopepuka chimafuna maziko ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimapulumutsa pafupifupi 15% ya mtengo wa maziko pa shedi ya 2,000-m².
Mpweya wabwino umathandizanso ndi chitsulo. Zipinda zachitsulo zimathandiza ma ventilation a padenga ndi ma side louver panels. Mainjiniya amawonjezera ma ventilation a padenga mamita 10 aliwonse. Izi zimachepetsa chinyezi ndipo zimateteza ubwino wa malasha. Zipinda za konkire zimakhala ndi njira zochepa zotulutsira mpweya chifukwa cha madenga olemera.
Kukonza kumakhala kosavuta. Nyumba zachitsulo zimagwiritsa ntchito zokutira zoteteza dzimbiri. Shedi yokhala ndi zokutira za 120-micron imafunika kupakidwa utoto kamodzi kokha zaka 8 mpaka 10 zilizonse. Shedi za konkire zimasweka chifukwa cha kutentha ndipo zimafunika kukonzedwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Chitsulo chimachepetsa nthawi yayitali yokonzanso.
Mfundo Zofunika Zopangira
Kapangidwe kabwino kamawonjezera nthawi yogwirira ntchito ya shed. Opanga mapulani amayamba ayang'ana kuchuluka kwa mphepo, kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa, ndi kuchuluka kwa zivomerezi. Kulemera kwa mphepo kumatha kufika 0.5 kN/m² m'malo otseguka amigodi. Mainjiniya amasankha zipilala kutengera mtengo uwu. Malo otsetsereka a denga nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 10° ndi 15°. Malo otsetsereka awa amathandizira kuyenda kwa mvula ndipo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa.
Kapangidwe ka chitetezo cha moto nakonso n'kofunika. Malasha amatha kutentha m'malo osungira. Shedi yomwe mpweya wake sukuyenda bwino ingayambitse kutentha kwambiri. Mainjiniya amawerengera mpweya womwe ukuyenda mamita 15 aliwonse. Amawonjezera ma ventilator kapena mafani amakina ngati mpweyawo ukuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Dongosolo la fan lomwe limatha kufika 20,000 m³/h limathandizira mpweya wabwino wokhazikika.
Kulamulira dzimbiri kumakhudza moyo wautali. Fumbi la malasha lili ndi sulfure. Chitsulo chingawonongeke mwachangu pamalo awa. Opanga mapulani amasankha zokutira zomwe zili pamwamba pa C3 kapena C4. Zinc la ma microns 80 mpaka 120 nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino. M'migodi ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, opanga mapulani amasankha ma rating apamwamba.
Opanga mapulani amakonzanso kutalika koyera. Chonyamulira katundu chingafunike malo okwana mamita 4.5. Ma conveyor a lamba angafunike mamita 6. Ma shed ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kutalika koyera kwa mamita 8 mpaka 12. Kutalika kumeneku kumathandiza kuti magalimoto aziyenda bwino komanso kuti azilamulira fumbi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malowo azigwira ntchito bwino komanso otetezeka.
Malangizo Okhudza Kumanga
Magulu omanga ayenera kutsatira malamulo angapo. Amafufuza chiwalo chilichonse chachitsulo asanachikweze. Mtanda wamba umalemera makilogalamu 300 mpaka 700. Ogwira ntchito amatsimikiza malo omwe mabowo a bolt ali komanso makulidwe a chophimba pamwamba. Chiwalo chofanana ndi ma microns 80 mpaka 120. Ngati chophimbacho chili pansi pa chiwalochi, amachiphimbanso.
Magulu amayang'ananso momwe zinthu zilili panthawi yokhazikitsa. Amasunga kusiyana kwa mizati pansi pa 5 mm. Amalumikizanso denga asanamange mabolt. Kutalika kwa denga la mamita 30 kuyenera kukhala ndi denga lofanana. Kusalingana kwa denga kumakhudza mapanelo a denga ndi kuyika kwa mpweya wotuluka.
Mapanelo a denga amafunika kutsekedwa bwino. Mashedi a malasha amapanga fumbi ndi chinyezi. Panelo yachitsulo ya 0.5-mm yokhala ndi EPS kapena insulation ya ubweya wa miyala imagwira ntchito bwino. Magulu amatseka malumikizano ndi tepi ya butyl. Amayika tepi imodzi pa malo aliwonse olumikizirana. Izi zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndikusunga malasha ouma.
Zipangizo zowongolera fumbi zimafuna mafelemu othandizira. Okhazikitsa amawonjezera mabulaketi mamita atatu aliwonse kuti agwire mapaipi ndi masensa. Amayesanso zowunikira moto. Shed nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito zowunikira 15 mpaka 25 kutengera kukula kwake. Magulu amaikanso njira zotulutsira madzi kuzungulira shed. Fumbi la malasha limasakanikirana ndi madzi amvula. Madzi abwino amateteza maziko.
Zofunikira zazikulu za zigawo
Pakadali pano, kapangidwe ka chimango chachitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mashedi a malasha chili ndi zofunikira zambiri pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida.
Kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri a zitsulo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Izi zimatsimikizira mwachindunji mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ndi moyo wa ntchito yake. Kuphatikiza apo, kutalika, makulidwe, ndi malo a mabowo a zitsulo ziyenera kutanthauza zojambula za kapangidwe kake.
Zolakwika muutali wa zigawo ndi mabowo oikira zidzapangitsa kuti zigawozo zilephere kuyikidwa bwino. Kukonza zolakwikazi sikungowononga nthawi yambiri panthawi yomanga, komanso kungayambitse zoopsa zobisika pa chitetezo cha nyumbayo.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha zida zapamwamba zachitsulo komanso opanga olimba. Mwachitsanzo, Harbin Dongan Building Sheets Company, yomwe yachita mapulojekiti ambiri opangira zitsulo, ili ndi gulu lamphamvu la opanga mapulani. Kutengera zaka zambiri zaukadaulo, amatha kupanga nyumbayo mwanjira yolunjika malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala. Izi zitha kupewa mavuto ambiri osafunikira kwa makasitomala.
Kuphatikiza apo, Dongan Company ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira. Fakitaleyi ili ndi zida zapamwamba monga makina odulira laser ndi ma drill a 3D CNC, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa zolakwika pakupanga zinthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zitha kuyikidwa bwino.
Chipinda cha malasha chachitsulo chimapereka chithandizo champhamvu komanso kukhazikitsa mwachangu. Chimachepetsa mtengo komanso chimawongolera kuyenda kwa mpweya. Chimagwirizana ndi malo atsopano a migodi komanso malo akale okonzanso. Magulu amasangalalanso ndi njira zokulira zosinthika zokhala ndi mafelemu achitsulo.
Ndi kapangidwe kabwino komanso kapangidwe kosamala, shedi ya malasha yachitsulo imagwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zambiri. Imateteza ubwino wa malasha, zida, ndi antchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-04-2025