Poyerekeza ndi zipinda zozizira za chakudya wamba, zipinda zozizira za mankhwala ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri zaukadaulo komanso chitetezo. Kuwonjezera pa magwiridwe antchito odalirika a firiji, ziyenera kuthana ndi kupewa kuphulika, kukana dzimbiri, kuwongolera kutuluka kwa madzi, komanso miyezo yolimba yoteteza chilengedwe. Pamene mafakitale ophatikizidwa akupitilira kukula, zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala abwino, zida zatsopano zamagetsi, komanso kupanga mankhwala apakatikati.
Kapangidwe Kovuta ka Zoning mu Zipinda Zozizira Zamankhwala
Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimafuna malo abwino kwambiri chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zosungidwa. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amafuna kutentha kosiyanasiyana, malo osungira, ndi njira zotetezera. Kuti akwaniritse zofunikirazi, zipinda zozizira zazikulu za mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi madera awiri odziyimira pawokha a kutentha.
Zipangizo zosasinthasintha monga ma resin, ma pellet apulasitiki, ndi ma emulsion nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika kutentha pang'ono. Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'malo osungidwa pakati pa 0°C ndi 15°C. Kutentha kumeneku kumasunga zinthuzo pamene kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Malo ena otentha amagwira ntchito pakati pa -18°C ndi 0°C. Malo amenewa nthawi zambiri amasunga zosungunulira zoyaka moto zokhala ndi ma flash points osakwana 60°C, komanso organic peroxides. Kuwongolera kutentha koyenera kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa nthunzi ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zoyatsira moto. Kulekanitsa mosamala ndi madera ena kumawonjezera chitetezo.
Zipangizo zamtengo wapatali monga ma electrolyte, mchere wa lithiamu, ndi zinthu zina zosungira mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimafuna kusungidwa mufiriji yakuya. Zinthuzi zimasungidwa m'malo otentha kuyambira -30°C mpaka -18°C. Kutentha kokhazikika kumaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ndikuwonjezera nthawi yosungira. Malo otere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira zowunikira bwino chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba wa katundu wosungidwa.
Zofunikira pa Kuchita Zinthu Molimba mu Firiji
Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimafuna kwambiri kukhazikika kwa makina oziziritsira. Zinthu monga mankhwala achilengedwe ndi mankhwala ochiritsira mankhwala amalekerera kusinthasintha kochepa kwa kutentha. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungayambitse kutayika kwa khalidwe kosasinthika.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, zipinda zozizira za mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsira okhala ndi ma circuit awiri. Dera lililonse limagwira ntchito palokha ndipo limapereka kuchepetsedwa kwa kutentha. Makinawa amasunga kusinthasintha kwa kutentha mkati mwa ±0.5°C pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino.
Ngakhale pakagwa magetsi osayembekezereka, makinawa amatha kuwongolera kusintha kwa kutentha mkati mwa 2°C kwa maola osachepera awiri. Mphamvu imeneyi imapereka nthawi yothandiza poyankha mwadzidzidzi ndipo imateteza zinthu zobisika kuti zisawonongeke mwachangu.
Miyezo Yabwino Yotetezera Kuphulika kwa Malo Ozizira a Mankhwala
Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pankhani ya chitetezo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zipinda zozizira pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Zipinda zozizira zomwe sizimaphulika zimafuna kusankha zinthu mosamala komanso njira zothetsera mavuto. Makoma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a polyurethane sandwich okhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 120 mm. Mapanelo amenewa ali ndi B1 ndipo amakwaniritsa miyezo yofunikira yachitetezo.
Mapanelo amaperekanso chitetezo champhamvu cha kutentha. Mphamvu yawo yoyendetsera kutentha siipitirira 0.18 W/(m²·K). Kuphatikiza kwa chitetezo cha kutentha ndi kukana moto kumeneku kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso chitetezo.
Nyumba za denga nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mapanelo achitsulo opepuka komanso olimba kwambiri. Pakagwa ngozi, denga ili limapereka malo ochepetsera kuphulika kwa mphamvu kuposa 0.05 m² pa kiyubiki mita imodzi. Kuphulika mwachangu kumalola kupanikizika kwamkati kutuluka mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka nyumba ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zina.
Chitetezo cha Magetsi ndi Njira Zotsutsana ndi Kusinthasintha kwa Mphamvu
Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimadalira kwambiri magetsi osaphulika. Zowunikira, mafani opumira mpweya, ndi mabokosi olumikizira magetsi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za satifiketi ya ATEX. Zigawozi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuyaka m'mlengalenga woyaka moto.
Opanga zinthu amayendetsa zingwe zamagetsi kudzera m'mipata yobisika yachitsulo kuti apewe kusonkhanitsa magetsi osasinthasintha. Kukana kwa nthaka kumakhalabe pansi pa 4 Ω. Kukhazikika bwino kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa magetsi osasinthasintha panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Machitidwe Apadera a Pansi ndi Kukana Kudzimbiritsa
Dongosolo la pansi la chipinda chozizira cha mankhwala limafunikanso uinjiniya wapadera. Pansi pake payenera kupewera dzimbiri, kupewa kutsetsereka, ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Okhazikitsa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi vinyl ester fiberglass yokhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 4 mm.
Dongosolo la pansi ili limapeza kukana pamwamba pakati pa 10⁶ ndi 10⁹ Ω. Limagwira ntchito bwino kutentha mpaka -30°C. Nthawi yomweyo, limalimbana ndi dzimbiri la asidi ndi alkali lomwe limapezeka m'malo omwe mankhwala amapangidwa. Zinthu zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yotetezeka kwa nthawi yayitali.
Makina Apadera Othandizira Kuzizira, Mpweya, ndi Kuchiza Gasi
Kuti zikhale zotetezeka komanso zodalirika, zipinda zoziziritsira za mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito ndi makina awiri odziyimira pawokha oziziritsira. Dongosolo limodzi likakumana ndi vuto, dongosolo lachiwiri limapitiriza kugwira ntchito. Mainjiniya amasankha ma evaporators osapsa ndi dzimbiri okhala ndi machubu amkuwa ndi zipsepse za aluminiyamu. Ma refrigerant nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira zovomerezeka ndi chilengedwe monga R507A kapena R449A.
Mpweya wopuma umagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Zipinda zozizira za mankhwala zimasinthasintha mpweya osachepera kasanu ndi kamodzi pa ola limodzi. Opanga mapulani amaika malo otulutsira utsi osachepera mamita 1.5 kuchokera padenga. Malo opumulirako amaika mafani osaphulika ndi zida zodziwira kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'chipinda chonsecho.
Mpweya woyaka ukafika pa 20% ya malire otsika a kuphulika, makina opumira mpweya amayamba okha. Pa 40% LEL, mayunitsi oziziritsira amatsekedwa ndipo ma alarm amayamba kugwira ntchito. Njirazi zimachepetsa kwambiri zoopsa za kuphulika.
Popeza makina oziziritsira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte amatha kutulutsa mpweya wa HF kapena HCl, zipinda zoziziritsira mankhwala zimakhalanso ndi nsanja zotsukira. Makina oyeretsera alkaline amachiza mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Utsi wotuluka umatuluka pokhapokha ngati wakwaniritsa miyezo ya dziko lonse komanso yachigawo.
Ndalama Zomangira ndi Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito
Zofunikira zapamwamba zaukadaulo za zipinda zozizira zomwe sizimaphulika zimawonjezera ndalama zomangira. Kafukufuku wamakampani akuwonetsa kuti ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa m'makoma osaphulika, makina amagetsi ovomerezeka, madenga ochepetsera kupanikizika, zida zozindikira mpweya, ndi magetsi awiri zimakweza ndalama zonse ndi osachepera 35% poyerekeza ndi zipinda zozizira wamba.
Ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimawonjezekanso chifukwa cha njira zovuta zowunikira ndi kuyang'anira deta. Malo osungiramo zinthu amaika masensa otenthetsera ndi chinyezi pamlingo wosachepera unit imodzi pa 50 m². Makina owunikira amatumiza deta ku ma seva amtambo nthawi yeniyeni ndikusunga zolemba kwa zaka zoposa zisanu.
Pamene magawo ofunikira apitirira malire, makinawa amapereka ma alarm mkati mwa mphindi ziwiri ndipo amayatsa makina opopera. Mabizinesi ayeneranso kukonza nthawi zonse ndikupereka zolemba za ntchito kwa akuluakulu oyang'anira. Kuyang'anitsitsa magwiridwe antchito nthawi ndi nthawi motsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi kumatsimikizira chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali pakusunga ndi kupanga mankhwala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-06-2026